runtime: add a basic stdlib and crt0 file

* add some typing annotations

* minor additions

* import Optional

* format with black

* review comments

---------

Co-authored-by: Anton Lydike <me@antonlydike.de>

.git-blame-ignored-commits

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+# introduces black formatting
+5515c7795cfd690d346aad10ce17b30acf914648

.github/workflows/ci-pytest.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+# This workflow will install Python dependencies, run tests and lint with a single version of Python
+# For more information see: https://help.github.com/actions/language-and-framework-guides/using-python-with-github-actions
+
+name: CI - Python-based Testing
+
+on:
+  # Trigger the workflow on push or pull request,
+  # but only for the master branch
+  push:
+    branches:
+      - master
+  pull_request:
+    branches:
+      - master
+
+jobs:
+  build:
+
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    strategy:
+      matrix:
+        python-version: ['3.10']
+
+    steps:
+    - uses: actions/checkout@v3
+
+    - name: Set up Python
+      uses: actions/setup-python@v4
+      with:
+        python-version: ${{ matrix.python-version }}
+
+    - name: Upgrade pip
+      run: |
+        pip install --upgrade pip
+
+    - name: Install the package locally
+      run: pip install -r requirements.txt -r requirements-dev.txt
+
+    - name: Test with pytest
+      run: |
+        pytest -W error
+    - name: Test with lit
+      run: |
+        lit -v test/filecheck
+
+    #- name: Execute lit tests
+    #  run: |
+    #    export PYTHONPATH=$(pwd)
+    #    lit -v tests/filecheck/

.github/workflows/code-formatting.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+# This workflow check the format all files in the repository
+# * It checks that all nonempty files have a newline at the end
+# * It checks that there are no whitespaces at the end of lines
+# * It checks that Python files are formatted with black
+
+name: Code Formatting
+
+on:
+  pull_request:
+  push:
+    branches: [master]
+
+jobs:
+  code-formatting:
+
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    strategy:
+      matrix:
+        python-version: ['3.10']
+
+    steps:
+    - uses: actions/checkout@v3
+
+    - name: Set up Python
+      uses: actions/setup-python@v4
+      with:
+        python-version: ${{ matrix.python-version }}
+
+    - name: Upgrade pip
+      run: |
+        pip install --upgrade pip
+
+    - name: Run code formatting checks with pre-commit
+      uses: pre-commit/action@v3.0.0

.github/workflows/jupyterlite.yml

@@ -96,5 +96,3 @@ jobs:
       - name: Deploy to GitHub Pages
         id: deployment
         uses: actions/deploy-pages@v1
-
-

.idea/riscemu.iml

@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@
       <excludeFolder url="file://$MODULE_DIR$/riscemu.egg-info" />
       <excludeFolder url="file://$MODULE_DIR$/build" />
     </content>
-    <orderEntry type="jdk" jdkName="Python 3.10 (riscemu)" jdkType="Python SDK" />
+    <orderEntry type="inheritedJdk" />
     <orderEntry type="sourceFolder" forTests="false" />
   </component>
 </module>

.pre-commit-config.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+# See https://pre-commit.com for more information
+# See https://pre-commit.com/hooks.html for more hooks
+repos:
+-   repo: https://github.com/pre-commit/pre-commit-hooks
+    rev: v3.2.0
+    hooks:
+    -   id: trailing-whitespace
+    -   id: end-of-file-fixer
+-   repo: https://github.com/psf/black
+    rev: 23.3.0
+    hooks:
+    -   id: black

CHANGELOG.md

@@ -1,5 +1,21 @@
 # Changelog
 
+## Upcoming 2.0.6
+
+**Planned:**
+ - Add a floating point unit
+ - Add a crt0.s
+ - Add `mmap2` syscall with code 192
+
+## 2.0.5
+
+ - Added unlimited register mode with `-o unlimited_regs`
+
+## 2.0.4
+
+ - Bugfix: fix a sign issue in instruction parsing for `rd, rs, rs` format
+ - Bugfix: respect `conf.debug_instruction` setting
+
 ## 2.0.3 - 2022-04-18
 
  - Syscalls: cleaned up formatting and added instructions for extensions

README.md

@@ -94,6 +94,7 @@ To generate your local documentation, first install everything in `sphinx-docs/r
 generate and make all doc files for you. Finally, you can open the docs locall by runnint `open sphinx-docs/build/html/index.html`.
 
 ## Resources:
+  * RISC-V Programmers Handbook: https://github.com/riscv-non-isa/riscv-asm-manual/blob/master/riscv-asm.md
   * Pseudo ops: https://www.codetd.com/article/8981522
   * detailed instruction definition: https://msyksphinz-self.github.io/riscv-isadoc/html/rvi.html#add
   * RISC-V reference card: https://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/teaching/1617/ECAD+Arch/files/docs/RISCVGreenCardv8-20151013.pdf
@@ -103,4 +104,3 @@ generate and make all doc files for you. Finally, you can open the docs locall b
  * Add a cycle limit to the options and CPU to catch infinite loops
  * Move away from `print` and use `logging.logger` instead
  * Writer proper tests
- 

docs/internal-structure.md

@@ -30,4 +30,3 @@ Creating a cpu with certain instruction sets is done by passing the CPU construc
 ```
 cpu = CPU(config, [RV32I, RV32M])
 ```
-

docs/libraries.md

@@ -13,4 +13,3 @@ You can include the libraries by adding them as arguments (before your main asse
 ```
 
 These libraries are no where near a stable state, so documentation will be scarce. Your best bet would be to `grep` for functionality. Sorry!
-

examples/lib/crt0.s

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+// A minimal crt0.s that works along the stdlib.s file provided to give
+// some resemblance of a functioning compilation target :)
+//
+// Copyright (c) 2023 Anton Lydike
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+.text
+
+.globl _start
+_start:
+        // TODO: read argc, argv from a0, a1
+        // maybe even find envptr?
+        jal main
+        jal exit

examples/lib/libstring.asm

@@ -150,5 +150,3 @@ __memset_loop:
             j    __memset_loop
 __memset_ret:
             ret
-
-

examples/lib/stdlib.s

@@ -0,0 +1,176 @@
+// A very basic implementation of a stdlib.h but in assembly.
+// should(tm) work with riscemu.
+//
+// Copyright (c) 2023 Anton Lydike
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+.data
+
+_rand_seed: 
+.word   0x76767676
+_atexit_calls:
+// leave room for 8 atexit handlers here for now
+.word   0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00
+.word   0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00
+_atexit_count:
+.word   0x00
+
+_malloc_base_ptr:
+// first word is a pointer to some space
+// second word is the offset inside that space
+// space is always MALLOC_PAGE_SIZE bytes
+.word   0x00, 0x00
+.equ    MALLOC_PAGE_SIZE 4069
+
+.text
+
+// malloc/free
+
+.globl malloc
+.globl free
+
+// malloc(size_t size)
+malloc:
+        // set aside size in s0
+        sw  s0, -4(sp)
+        mv  a0, s0
+        la  t0, _malloc_base_ptr
+        lw  t1, 0(t0)
+        beq t1, zero, _malloc_init
+_malloc_post_init:
+        // if we are here, we always have
+        // t0 = (&_malloc_base_ptr)
+        // t1 = *(&_malloc_base_ptr)
+        // new we load
+        // t2 = base_ptr_offset
+        lw  t2, 4(t0)
+        // add allocated size to offset
+        add t2, t2, s0
+        // check for overflow
+        li  t4, MALLOC_PAGE_SIZE
+        bge t2, t4, _malloc_fail
+        // save the new offset
+        sw  t2, 4(t0)
+        // calculate base_ptr + offset
+        add a0, t2, t1
+        // return that
+        lw  s0, -4(sp)
+        ret
+
+_malloc_init:
+        // call mmap2()
+        li  a0, 0       // addr = 0, let OS choose address
+        li  a1, 4096    // size
+        li  a2, 3       // PROT_READ   | PROT_WRITE
+        li  a3, 5       // MAP_PRIVATE | MAP_ANONYMOUS
+        li  a7, SCALL_MMAP2
+        ecall           // invoke syscall
+        // check for error code
+        li  t0, -1
+        beq a0, t0, _malloc_fail
+        // if succeeded, load &_malloc_base_ptr
+        la  t0, _malloc_base_ptr
+        // put value of _malloc_base_ptr into t1
+        mv  a0, t1
+        // save base ptr to _malloc_base_ptr
+        sw  t1, 0(t0)
+        // jump to post_init
+        j   _malloc_post_init
+_malloc_fail:
+        li a0, 0
+        ret
+
+// free is a nop, that's valid, but not very good^^
+free:
+        ret
+
+
+
+// exit, atexit
+.globl exit
+.globl atexit
+
+// we can happily use saved registers here because we don't care at all if we
+// destroy the calling registers. This is __noreturn__ anyways!
+// register layout:
+// s0 = &_atexit_count
+// s2 = &_atexit_calls
+// s1 = updated value of atexit
+exit:
+        la      s0, _atexit_count       // s0 = &_atexit_count
+        lw      s1, 0(s0)               // s1 = *(&_atexit_count)
+        // exit if no atexit() calls remain
+        beq     s1, zero, _exit
+        // decrement
+        addi    s1, s1, -4              // s1--
+        // save decremented value
+        sw      s1, 0(s0)               // _atexit_count = s1
+        li      s2, _atexit_calls
+        add     s1, s1, s2              // s1 = &_atexit_calls + (s1)
+        lw      s1, 0(s1)               // s1 = *s1
+        la      ra, exit                // set ra up to point to exit
+        jalr    zero, s1, 0             // jump to address in s1
+        // jalr will call the other function, which will then return back
+        // to the beginning of exit.
+_exit:
+        li      a0, 0
+        li      a7, 93
+        ecall
+
+// atexit a0 = funcptr
+atexit:
+        sw      t0, -4(sp)
+        sw      t2, -8(sp)
+        // load _atexit_count
+        la      t0, _atexit_count
+        lw      t2, 0(t0)
+        // if >= 8, fail
+        li      t1, 8
+        bge     t2, t1, _atexit_fail
+        // increment atexit_count by 4 (one word)
+        addi    t2, t2, 4
+        sw      t2, 0(t0)
+        // load address of _atexit_calls
+        la      t0, _atexit_calls
+        // add new _atexit_count to _atexit_calls
+        add     t0, t0, t2
+        sw      a0, -4(t0)
+        li      a0, 0
+        lw      t0, -4(sp)
+        lw      t2, -8(sp)
+        ret
+
+_atexit_fail:
+        li      a0, -1
+        lw      s0, -4(sp)
+        lw      s1, -8(sp)
+        ret
+
+
+
+        
+
+
+// rand, srand
+
+.globl  rand
+.globl  srand
+
+// simple xorshift rand implementation
+rand:
+        // load seed
+        la  t1, _rand_seed
+        lw  a0, 0(t1)
+        // three rounds of shifts:
+        sll a0, t0, 13          // x ^= x << 13;
+        srl a0, t0, 17          // x ^= x >> 17;
+        sll a0, t0, 5           // x ^= x << 5;
+	    sw  a0, 0(t1)
+	    ret
+
+srand:
+        la  t1, _rand_seed
+        sw  a0, 0(t1)
+        ret
+
+

project.toml

@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
 [build-system]
 requires = ["setuptools", "wheel"]
 build-backend = "setuptools.build_meta"
-

requirements-dev.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+black==23.3.0
+pre-commit==3.2.2
+pytest==7.3.1
+filecheck==0.0.23
+lit==16.0.2

riscemu/CPU.py

@@ -30,7 +30,9 @@ class UserModeCPU(CPU):
     It is initialized with a configuration and a list of instruction sets.
     """
 
-    def __init__(self, instruction_sets: List[Type['riscemu.InstructionSet']], conf: RunConfig):
+    def __init__(
+        self, instruction_sets: List[Type["riscemu.InstructionSet"]], conf: RunConfig
+    ):
         """
         Creates a CPU instance.
 
@@ -49,12 +51,16 @@ class UserModeCPU(CPU):
         syscall_symbols.update(self.mmu.global_symbols)
         self.mmu.global_symbols.update(syscall_symbols)
 
-    def step(self, verbose=False):
+    def step(self, verbose: bool = False):
         """
         Execute a single instruction, then return.
         """
         if self.halted:
-            print(FMT_CPU + "[CPU] Program exited with code {}".format(self.exit_code) + FMT_NONE)
+            print(
+                FMT_CPU
+                + "[CPU] Program exited with code {}".format(self.exit_code)
+                + FMT_NONE
+            )
             return
 
         launch_debugger = False
@@ -63,7 +69,9 @@ class UserModeCPU(CPU):
             self.cycle += 1
             ins = self.mmu.read_ins(self.pc)
             if verbose:
-                print(FMT_CPU + "   Running 0x{:08X}:{} {}".format(self.pc, FMT_NONE, ins))
+                print(
+                    FMT_CPU + "   Running 0x{:08X}:{} {}".format(self.pc, FMT_NONE, ins)
+                )
             self.pc += self.INS_XLEN
             self.run_instruction(ins)
         except RiscemuBaseException as ex:
@@ -72,25 +80,29 @@ class UserModeCPU(CPU):
                 if self.debugger_active:
                     raise ex
 
-                print(FMT_CPU + '[CPU] Debugger launch requested!' + FMT_NONE)
+                print(FMT_CPU + "[CPU] Debugger launch requested!" + FMT_NONE)
                 launch_debugger = True
             else:
                 print(ex.message())
                 ex.print_stacktrace()
-                print(FMT_CPU + '[CPU] Halting due to exception!' + FMT_NONE)
+                print(FMT_CPU + "[CPU] Halting due to exception!" + FMT_NONE)
                 self.halted = True
 
         if launch_debugger:
             launch_debug_session(self)
 
-    def run(self, verbose=False):
+    def run(self, verbose: bool = False):
         while not self.halted:
             self.step(verbose)
 
         if self.conf.verbosity > 0:
-            print(FMT_CPU + "[CPU] Program exited with code {}".format(self.exit_code) + FMT_NONE)
+            print(
+                FMT_CPU
+                + "[CPU] Program exited with code {}".format(self.exit_code)
+                + FMT_NONE
+            )
 
-    def setup_stack(self, stack_size=1024 * 4) -> bool:
+    def setup_stack(self, stack_size: int = 1024 * 4) -> bool:
         """
         Create program stack and populate stack pointer
         :param stack_size: the size of the required stack, defaults to 4Kib
@@ -98,22 +110,26 @@ class UserModeCPU(CPU):
         """
         stack_sec = BinaryDataMemorySection(
             bytearray(stack_size),
-            '.stack',
+            ".stack",
             None,  # FIXME: why does a binary data memory section require a context?
-            '',
+            "",
-            0
+            0,
         )
 
         if not self.mmu.load_section(stack_sec, fixed_position=False):
             print(FMT_ERROR + "[CPU] Could not insert stack section!" + FMT_NONE)
             return False
 
-        self.regs.set('sp', Int32(stack_sec.base + stack_sec.size))
+        self.regs.set("sp", Int32(stack_sec.base + stack_sec.size))
 
         if self.conf.verbosity > 1:
-            print(FMT_CPU + "[CPU] Created stack of size {} at 0x{:x}".format(
+            print(
-                stack_size, stack_sec.base
+                FMT_CPU
-            ) + FMT_NONE)
+                + "[CPU] Created stack of size {} at 0x{:x}".format(
+                    stack_size, stack_sec.base
+                )
+                + FMT_NONE
+            )
 
         return True
 

riscemu/IO/IOModule.py

@@ -5,15 +5,23 @@ from riscemu.types import MemorySection, MemoryFlags, T_RelativeAddress
 
 
 class IOModule(MemorySection, ABC):
-    def __init__(self, name: str, flags: MemoryFlags, size: int, owner: str = 'system', base: int = 0):
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        name: str,
+        flags: MemoryFlags,
+        size: int,
+        owner: str = "system",
+        base: int = 0,
+    ):
         super(IOModule, self).__init__(name, flags, size, base, owner, None)
 
     def contains(self, addr, size: int = 0):
-        return self.base <= addr < self.base + self.size and \
+        return (
-               self.base <= addr + size <= self.base + self.size
+            self.base <= addr < self.base + self.size
+            and self.base <= addr + size <= self.base + self.size
+        )
 
-    def dump(self, start: T_RelativeAddress, end: Optional[T_RelativeAddress] = None, fmt: str = 'hex',
+    def dump(self, *args, **kwargs):
-             bytes_per_row: int = 16, rows: int = 10, group: int = 4):
         print(self)
 
     def __repr__(self):

riscemu/IO/TextIO.py

@@ -8,7 +8,9 @@ class TextIO(IOModule):
         raise InstructionAccessFault(self.base + offset)
 
     def __init__(self, base: int, buflen: int = 128):
-        super(TextIO, self).__init__('TextIO', MemoryFlags(False, False), buflen + 4, base=base)
+        super(TextIO, self).__init__(
+            "TextIO", MemoryFlags(False, False), buflen + 4, base=base
+        )
         self.buff = bytearray(buflen)
         self.current_line = ""
 
@@ -23,15 +25,15 @@ class TextIO(IOModule):
                 self._print()
                 return
         buff_start = addr - 4
-        self.buff[buff_start:buff_start + size] = data[0:size]
+        self.buff[buff_start : buff_start + size] = data[0:size]
 
     def _print(self):
         buff = self.buff
         self.buff = bytearray(self.size)
-        if b'\x00' in buff:
+        if b"\x00" in buff:
-            buff = buff.split(b'\x00')[0]
+            buff = buff.split(b"\x00")[0]
-        text = buff.decode('ascii')
+        text = buff.decode("ascii")
-        if '\n' in text:
+        if "\n" in text:
             lines = text.split("\n")
             lines[0] = self.current_line + lines[0]
             for line in lines[:-1]:

riscemu/MMU.py

@@ -8,8 +8,15 @@ from typing import Dict, List, Optional, Union
 
 from .colors import *
 from .helpers import align_addr
-from .types import Instruction, MemorySection, MemoryFlags, T_AbsoluteAddress, \
+from .types import (
-    Program, InstructionContext, Int32
+    Instruction,
+    MemorySection,
+    MemoryFlags,
+    T_AbsoluteAddress,
+    Program,
+    InstructionContext,
+    Int32,
+)
 from .types.exceptions import InvalidAllocationException, MemoryAccessException
 
 
@@ -80,8 +87,14 @@ class MMU:
         """
         sec = self.get_sec_containing(addr)
         if sec is None:
-            print(FMT_MEM + "[MMU] Trying to read instruction form invalid region! (read at {}) ".format(addr)
+            print(
-                  + "Have you forgotten an exit syscall or ret statement?" + FMT_NONE)
+                FMT_MEM
+                + "[MMU] Trying to read instruction form invalid region! (read at {}) ".format(
+                    addr
+                )
+                + "Have you forgotten an exit syscall or ret statement?"
+                + FMT_NONE
+            )
             raise RuntimeError("No next instruction available!")
         return sec.read_ins(addr - sec.base)
 
@@ -94,12 +107,19 @@ class MMU:
         :return: The bytearray at addr
         """
         if isinstance(addr, Int32):
-            breakpoint()
             addr = addr.unsigned_value
         sec = self.get_sec_containing(addr)
         if sec is None:
-            print(FMT_MEM + "[MMU] Trying to read data form invalid region at 0x{:x}! ".format(addr) + FMT_NONE)
+            print(
-            raise MemoryAccessException("region is non-initialized!", addr, size, 'read')
+                FMT_MEM
+                + "[MMU] Trying to read data form invalid region at 0x{:x}! ".format(
+                    addr
+                )
+                + FMT_NONE
+            )
+            raise MemoryAccessException(
+                "region is non-initialized!", addr, size, "read"
+            )
         return sec.read(addr - sec.base, size)
 
     def write(self, addr: int, size: int, data: bytearray):
@@ -112,8 +132,16 @@ class MMU:
         """
         sec = self.get_sec_containing(addr)
         if sec is None:
-            print(FMT_MEM + '[MMU] Invalid write into non-initialized region at 0x{:08X}'.format(addr) + FMT_NONE)
+            print(
-            raise MemoryAccessException("region is non-initialized!", addr, size, 'write')
+                FMT_MEM
+                + "[MMU] Invalid write into non-initialized region at 0x{:08X}".format(
+                    addr
+                )
+                + FMT_NONE
+            )
+            raise MemoryAccessException(
+                "region is non-initialized!", addr, size, "write"
+            )
 
         return sec.write(addr - sec.base, size, data)
 
@@ -127,7 +155,11 @@ class MMU:
         """
         sec = self.get_sec_containing(addr)
         if sec is None:
-            print(FMT_MEM + "[MMU] No section containing addr 0x{:08X}".format(addr) + FMT_NONE)
+            print(
+                FMT_MEM
+                + "[MMU] No section containing addr 0x{:08X}".format(addr)
+                + FMT_NONE
+            )
             return
         sec.dump(addr - sec.base, *args, **kwargs)
 
@@ -139,10 +171,18 @@ class MMU:
         """
         print(FMT_MEM + "[MMU] Lookup for symbol {}:".format(symb) + FMT_NONE)
         if symb in self.global_symbols:
-            print("   Found global symbol {}: 0x{:X}".format(symb, self.global_symbols[symb]))
+            print(
+                "   Found global symbol {}: 0x{:X}".format(
+                    symb, self.global_symbols[symb]
+                )
+            )
         for bin in self.programs:
             if symb in bin.context.labels:
-                print("   Found local labels {}: 0x{:X} in {}".format(symb, bin.context.labels[symb], bin.name))
+                print(
+                    "   Found local labels {}: 0x{:X} in {}".format(
+                        symb, bin.context.labels[symb], bin.name
+                    )
+                )
 
     def read_int(self, addr: int) -> Int32:
         return Int32(self.read(addr, 4))
@@ -155,17 +195,27 @@ class MMU:
         bin = self.get_bin_containing(address)
         secs = set(sec.name for sec in bin.sections) if bin else []
         elf_markers = {
-            '__global_pointer$', '_fdata', '_etext', '_gp',
+            "__global_pointer$",
-            '_bss_start', '_bss_end', '_ftext', '_edata', '_end', '_fbss'
+            "_fdata",
+            "_etext",
+            "_gp",
+            "_bss_start",
+            "_bss_end",
+            "_ftext",
+            "_edata",
+            "_end",
+            "_fbss",
         }
 
         def key(x):
             name, val = x
             return address - val
 
-        best_fit = sorted(filter(lambda x: x[1] <= address, sec.context.labels.items()), key=key)
+        best_fit = sorted(
+            filter(lambda x: x[1] <= address, sec.context.labels.items()), key=key
+        )
 
-        best = ('', float('inf'))
+        best = ("", float("inf"))
         for name, val in best_fit:
             if address - val < best[1]:
                 best = (name, val)
@@ -179,13 +229,14 @@ class MMU:
 
         if not name:
             return "{}:{} + 0x{:x} (0x{:x})".format(
-                sec.owner, sec.name,
+                sec.owner, sec.name, address - sec.base, address
-                address - sec.base, address
             )
 
-        return str('{}:{} at {} (0x{:0x}) + 0x{:0x}'.format(
+        return str(
-            sec.owner, sec.name, name, val, address - val
+            "{}:{} at {} (0x{:0x}) + 0x{:0x}".format(
-        ))
+                sec.owner, sec.name, name, val, address - val
+            )
+        )
 
     def has_continous_free_region(self, start: int, end: int) -> bool:
         # if we have no sections we are all good
@@ -211,13 +262,24 @@ class MMU:
 
     def load_program(self, program: Program, align_to: int = 4):
         if program.base is not None:
-            if not self.has_continous_free_region(program.base, program.base + program.size):
+            if not self.has_continous_free_region(
-                print(FMT_MEM + "Cannot load program {} into desired space (0x{:0x}-0x{:0x}), area occupied.".format(
+                program.base, program.base + program.size
-                    program.name, program.base, program.base + program.size
+            ):
-                ) + FMT_NONE)
+                print(
-                raise InvalidAllocationException("Area occupied".format(
+                    FMT_MEM
-                    program.name, program.base, program.base + program.size
+                    + "Cannot load program {} into desired space (0x{:0x}-0x{:0x}), area occupied.".format(
-                ), program.name, program.size, MemoryFlags(False, True))
+                        program.name, program.base, program.base + program.size
+                    )
+                    + FMT_NONE
+                )
+                raise InvalidAllocationException(
+                    "Area occupied".format(
+                        program.name, program.base, program.base + program.size
+                    ),
+                    program.name,
+                    program.size,
+                    MemoryFlags(False, True),
+                )
 
             at_addr = program.base
         else:
@@ -245,14 +307,19 @@ class MMU:
                 self.sections.append(sec)
                 self._update_state()
             else:
-                print(FMT_MEM + '[MMU] Cannot place section {} at {}, space is occupied!'.format(sec, sec.base))
+                print(
+                    FMT_MEM
+                    + "[MMU] Cannot place section {} at {}, space is occupied!".format(
+                        sec, sec.base
+                    )
+                )
                 return False
         else:
             at_addr = align_addr(self.get_guaranteed_free_address(), 8)
             sec.base = at_addr
             self.sections.append(sec)
             self._update_state()
-            return True
+        return True
 
     def _update_state(self):
         """
@@ -270,8 +337,7 @@ class MMU:
 
     def __repr__(self):
         return "{}(\n\t{}\n)".format(
-            self.__class__.__name__,
+            self.__class__.__name__, "\n\t".join(repr(x) for x in self.programs)
-            "\n\t".join(repr(x) for x in self.programs)
         )
 
     def context_for(self, addr: T_AbsoluteAddress) -> InstructionContext:
@@ -281,14 +347,3 @@ class MMU:
             return sec.context
 
         return InstructionContext()
-
-    def report_addr(self, addr: T_AbsoluteAddress):
-        sec = self.get_sec_containing(addr)
-        if not sec:
-            print("addr is in no section!")
-            return
-        owner = [b for b in self.programs if b.name == sec.owner]
-        if owner:
-            print("owned by: {}".format(owner[0]))
-
-        print("{}: 0x{:0x} + 0x{:0x}".format(name, val, addr - val))

riscemu/__init__.py

@@ -8,8 +8,17 @@ This package aims at providing an all-round usable RISC-V emulator and debugger
 It contains everything needed to run assembly files, so you don't need any custom compilers or toolchains
 """
 
-from .types.exceptions import RiscemuBaseException, LaunchDebuggerException, InvalidSyscallException, LinkerException, \
+from .types.exceptions import (
-    ParseException, NumberFormatException, InvalidRegisterException, MemoryAccessException, OutOfMemoryException
+    RiscemuBaseException,
+    LaunchDebuggerException,
+    InvalidSyscallException,
+    LinkerException,
+    ParseException,
+    NumberFormatException,
+    InvalidRegisterException,
+    MemoryAccessException,
+    OutOfMemoryException,
+)
 
 from .instructions import *
 
@@ -25,4 +34,4 @@ from .parser import tokenize, parse_tokens, AssemblyFileLoader
 
 __author__ = "Anton Lydike <Anton@Lydike.com>"
 __copyright__ = "Copyright 2022 Anton Lydike"
-__version__ = '2.0.5'
+__version__ = "2.0.5"

riscemu/__main__.py

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ This file holds the logic for starting the emulator from the CLI
 from riscemu import RiscemuBaseException, __copyright__, __version__
 from riscemu.CPU import UserModeCPU
 
-if __name__ == '__main__':
+if __name__ == "__main__":
     from .config import RunConfig
     from .instructions import InstructionSetDict
     from .colors import FMT_BOLD, FMT_MAGENTA
@@ -18,11 +18,12 @@ if __name__ == '__main__':
 
     all_ins_names = list(InstructionSetDict.keys())
 
-    if '--version' in sys.argv:
+    if "--version" in sys.argv:
-        print("riscemu version {}\n{}\n\nAvailable ISA: {}".format(
+        print(
-            __version__, __copyright__,
+            "riscemu version {}\n{}\n\nAvailable ISA: {}".format(
-            ", ".join(InstructionSetDict.keys())
+                __version__, __copyright__, ", ".join(InstructionSetDict.keys())
-        ))
+            )
+        )
         sys.exit()
 
     class OptionStringAction(argparse.Action):
@@ -49,56 +50,105 @@ if __name__ == '__main__':
             d = {}
             if not self.omit_empty:
                 d.update(self.keys)
-            for x in values.split(','):
+            for x in values.split(","):
                 if x in self.keys:
                     d[x] = True
                 else:
-                    raise ValueError('Invalid parameter supplied: ' + x)
+                    raise ValueError("Invalid parameter supplied: " + x)
             setattr(namespace, self.dest, d)
 
+    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(
+        description="RISC-V Userspace parser and emulator",
+        prog="riscemu",
+        formatter_class=argparse.RawTextHelpFormatter,
+    )
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "files",
+        metavar="file.asm",
+        type=str,
+        nargs="+",
+        help="The assembly files to load, the last one will be run",
+    )
 
-    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description='RISC-V Userspace parser and emulator', prog='riscemu',
+    parser.add_argument(
-                                     formatter_class=argparse.RawTextHelpFormatter)
+        "--options",
-    parser.add_argument('files', metavar='file.asm', type=str, nargs='+',
+        "-o",
-                        help='The assembly files to load, the last one will be run')
+        action=OptionStringAction,
-
+        keys=(
-    parser.add_argument('--options', '-o', action=OptionStringAction,
+            "disable_debug",
-                        keys=('disable_debug', 'no_syscall_symbols', 'fail_on_ex', 'add_accept_imm', 'unlimited_regs'),
+            "no_syscall_symbols",
-                        help="""Toggle options. Available options are:
+            "fail_on_ex",
+            "add_accept_imm",
+            "unlimited_regs",
+        ),
+        help="""Toggle options. Available options are:
 disable_debug:        Disable ebreak instructions
 no_syscall_symbols:   Don't add symbols for SCALL_EXIT and others
 fail_on_ex:           If set, exceptions won't trigger the debugger
 add_accept_imm:       Accept "add rd, rs, imm" instruction (instead of addi)
-unlimited_regs:       Allow an unlimited number of registers""")
+unlimited_regs:       Allow an unlimited number of registers""",
+    )
 
-    parser.add_argument('--syscall-opts', '-so', action=OptionStringAction,
+    parser.add_argument(
-                        keys=('fs_access', 'disable_input'))
+        "--syscall-opts",
+        "-so",
+        action=OptionStringAction,
+        keys=("fs_access", "disable_input"),
+    )
 
-    parser.add_argument('--instruction-sets', '-is', action=OptionStringAction,
+    parser.add_argument(
-                        help="Instruction sets to load, available are: {}. All are enabled by default"
+        "--instruction-sets",
-                        .format(", ".join(all_ins_names)), keys={k: True for k in all_ins_names}, omit_empty=True)
+        "-is",
+        action=OptionStringAction,
+        help="Instruction sets to load, available are: {}. All are enabled by default".format(
+            ", ".join(all_ins_names)
+        ),
+        keys={k: True for k in all_ins_names},
+        omit_empty=True,
+    )
 
-    parser.add_argument('--stack_size', type=int, help='Stack size of loaded programs, defaults to 8MB', nargs='?')
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "--stack_size",
+        type=int,
+        help="Stack size of loaded programs, defaults to 8MB",
+        nargs="?",
+    )
 
-    parser.add_argument('-v', '--verbose', help="Verbosity level (can be used multiple times)", action='count',
+    parser.add_argument(
-                        default=0)
+        "-v",
+        "--verbose",
+        help="Verbosity level (can be used multiple times)",
+        action="count",
+        default=0,
+    )
 
-    parser.add_argument('--interactive', help="Launch the interactive debugger instantly instead of loading any "
+    parser.add_argument(
-                                              "programs", action='store_true')
+        "--interactive",
+        help="Launch the interactive debugger instantly instead of loading any "
+        "programs",
+        action="store_true",
+    )
+
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "--ignore-exit-code",
+        help="Ignore exit code of the program and always return 0 if the program ran to completion.",
+        action="store_true",
+        default=False,
+    )
 
     args = parser.parse_args()
 
     # create a RunConfig from the cli args
     cfg_dict = dict(
         stack_size=args.stack_size,
-        debug_instruction=not args.options['disable_debug'],
+        debug_instruction=not args.options["disable_debug"],
-        include_scall_symbols=not args.options['no_syscall_symbols'],
+        include_scall_symbols=not args.options["no_syscall_symbols"],
-        debug_on_exception=not args.options['fail_on_ex'],
+        debug_on_exception=not args.options["fail_on_ex"],
-        add_accept_imm=args.options['add_accept_imm'],
+        add_accept_imm=args.options["add_accept_imm"],
-        unlimited_registers=args.options['unlimited_regs'],
+        unlimited_registers=args.options["unlimited_regs"],
-        scall_fs=args.syscall_opts['fs_access'],
+        scall_fs=args.syscall_opts["fs_access"],
-        scall_input=not args.syscall_opts['disable_input'],
+        scall_input=not args.syscall_opts["disable_input"],
-        verbosity=args.verbose
+        verbosity=args.verbose,
     )
     for k, v in dict(cfg_dict).items():
         if v is None:
@@ -106,15 +156,13 @@ unlimited_regs:       Allow an unlimited number of registers""")
 
     cfg = RunConfig(**cfg_dict)
 
-    if not hasattr(args, 'ins'):
+    if not hasattr(args, "ins"):
-        setattr(args, 'ins', {k: True for k in all_ins_names})
+        setattr(args, "ins", {k: True for k in all_ins_names})
 
     FMT_PRINT = FMT_BOLD + FMT_MAGENTA
 
     # parse required instruction sets
-    ins_to_load = [
+    ins_to_load = [InstructionSetDict[name] for name, b in args.ins.items() if b]
-        InstructionSetDict[name] for name, b in args.ins.items() if b
-    ]
 
     try:
         cpu = UserModeCPU(ins_to_load, cfg)
@@ -129,7 +177,7 @@ unlimited_regs:       Allow an unlimited number of registers""")
 
         # launch the last loaded program
         cpu.launch(cpu.mmu.programs[-1], verbose=cfg.verbosity > 1)
-        sys.exit(cpu.exit_code)
+        sys.exit(cpu.exit_code if not args.ignore_exit_code else 0)
 
     except RiscemuBaseException as e:
         print("Error: {}".format(e.message()))

riscemu/assembler.py

@@ -6,10 +6,17 @@ from .colors import FMT_PARSE, FMT_NONE
 from riscemu.types.exceptions import ParseException, ASSERT_LEN
 from .helpers import parse_numeric_argument, align_addr, get_section_base_name
 from .tokenizer import Token
-from .types import Program, T_RelativeAddress, InstructionContext, Instruction, BinaryDataMemorySection, \
+from .types import (
-    InstructionMemorySection, Int32
+    Program,
-
+    T_RelativeAddress,
-INSTRUCTION_SECTION_NAMES = ('.text', '.init', '.fini')
+    InstructionContext,
+    Instruction,
+    BinaryDataMemorySection,
+    InstructionMemorySection,
+    Int32,
+)
+
+INSTRUCTION_SECTION_NAMES = (".text", ".init", ".fini")
 """
 A tuple containing all section names which contain executable code (instead of data)
 
@@ -47,8 +54,7 @@ class CurrentSection:
 
     def __repr__(self):
         return "{}(name={},data={},type={})".format(
-            self.__class__.__name__, self.name,
+            self.__class__.__name__, self.name, self.data, self.type.name
-            self.data, self.type.name
         )
 
 
@@ -72,12 +78,20 @@ class ParseContext:
 
         if self.section.type == MemorySectionType.Data:
             section = BinaryDataMemorySection(
-                self.section.data, self.section.name, self.context, self.program.name, self.section.base
+                self.section.data,
+                self.section.name,
+                self.context,
+                self.program.name,
+                self.section.base,
             )
             self.program.add_section(section)
         elif self.section.type == MemorySectionType.Instructions:
             section = InstructionMemorySection(
-                self.section.data, self.section.name, self.context, self.program.name, self.section.base
+                self.section.data,
+                self.section.name,
+                self.context,
+                self.program.name,
+                self.section.base,
             )
             self.program.add_section(section)
 
@@ -89,7 +103,9 @@ class ParseContext:
         self._finalize_section()
         self.section = CurrentSection(name, type, base)
 
-    def add_label(self, name: str, value: int, is_global: bool = False, is_relative: bool = False):
+    def add_label(
+        self, name: str, value: int, is_global: bool = False, is_relative: bool = False
+    ):
         self.context.labels[name] = value
         if is_global:
             self.program.global_labels.add(name)
@@ -109,10 +125,16 @@ class ParseContext:
 
 def ASSERT_IN_SECTION_TYPE(context: ParseContext, type: MemorySectionType):
     if context.section is None:
-        raise ParseException('Error, expected to be in {} section, but no section is present...'.format(type.name))
+        raise ParseException(
+            "Error, expected to be in {} section, but no section is present...".format(
+                type.name
+            )
+        )
     if context.section.type != type:
         raise ParseException(
-            'Error, expected to be in {} section, but currently in {}...'.format(type.name, context.section)
+            "Error, expected to be in {} section, but currently in {}...".format(
+                type.name, context.section
+            )
         )
 
 
@@ -174,7 +196,9 @@ class AssemblerDirectives:
         cls.add_bytes(size, bytearray(size), context)
 
     @classmethod
-    def add_bytes(cls, size: int, content: Union[None, int, bytearray], context: ParseContext):
+    def add_bytes(
+        cls, size: int, content: Union[None, int, bytearray], context: ParseContext
+    ):
         ASSERT_IN_SECTION_TYPE(context, MemorySectionType.Data)
 
         if content is None:
@@ -187,9 +211,9 @@ class AssemblerDirectives:
     @classmethod
     def add_text(cls, text: str, context: ParseContext, zero_terminate: bool = True):
         # replace '\t' and '\n' escape sequences
-        text = text.replace('\\n', '\n').replace('\\t', '\t')
+        text = text.replace("\\n", "\n").replace("\\t", "\t")
 
-        encoded_bytes = bytearray(text.encode('ascii'))
+        encoded_bytes = bytearray(text.encode("ascii"))
         if zero_terminate:
             encoded_bytes += bytearray(1)
         cls.add_bytes(len(encoded_bytes), encoded_bytes, context)
@@ -197,24 +221,36 @@ class AssemblerDirectives:
     @classmethod
     def handle_instruction(cls, token: Token, args: Tuple[str], context: ParseContext):
         op = token.value[1:]
-        if hasattr(cls, 'op_' + op):
+        if hasattr(cls, "op_" + op):
-            getattr(cls, 'op_' + op)(token, args, context)
+            getattr(cls, "op_" + op)(token, args, context)
-        elif op in ('text', 'data', 'rodata', 'bss', 'sbss'):
+        elif op in ("text", "data", "rodata", "bss", "sbss"):
             cls.op_section(token, (token.value,), context)
-        elif op in ('string', 'asciiz', 'asciz', 'ascii'):
+        elif op in ("string", "asciiz", "asciz", "ascii"):
             ASSERT_LEN(args, 1)
-            cls.add_text(args[0], context, op == 'ascii')
+            cls.add_text(args[0], context, op == "ascii")
         elif op in DATA_OP_SIZES:
             size = DATA_OP_SIZES[op]
             for arg in args:
                 cls.add_bytes(size, parse_numeric_argument(arg), context)
         else:
-            print(FMT_PARSE + "Unknown assembler directive: {} {} in {}".format(token, args, context) + FMT_NONE)
+            print(
+                FMT_PARSE
+                + "Unknown assembler directive: {} {} in {}".format(
+                    token, args, context
+                )
+                + FMT_NONE
+            )
 
 
 DATA_OP_SIZES = {
-    'byte': 1,
+    "byte": 1,
-    '2byte': 2, 'half': 2, 'short': 2,
+    "2byte": 2,
-    '4byte': 4, 'word': 4, 'long': 4,
+    "half": 2,
-    '8byte': 8, 'dword': 8, 'quad': 8,
+    "short": 2,
+    "4byte": 4,
+    "word": 4,
+    "long": 4,
+    "8byte": 8,
+    "dword": 8,
+    "quad": 8,
 }

riscemu/colors.py

@@ -6,18 +6,18 @@ SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
 
 # Colors
 
-FMT_RED = '\033[31m'
+FMT_RED = "\033[31m"
-FMT_ORANGE = '\033[33m'
+FMT_ORANGE = "\033[33m"
-FMT_GRAY = '\033[37m'
+FMT_GRAY = "\033[37m"
-FMT_CYAN = '\033[36m'
+FMT_CYAN = "\033[36m"
-FMT_GREEN = '\033[32m'
+FMT_GREEN = "\033[32m"
-FMT_MAGENTA = '\033[35m'
+FMT_MAGENTA = "\033[35m"
-FMT_BLUE = '\033[34m'
+FMT_BLUE = "\033[34m"
-FMT_YELLOW = '\033[93m'
+FMT_YELLOW = "\033[93m"
 
-FMT_BOLD = '\033[1m'
+FMT_BOLD = "\033[1m"
-FMT_NONE = '\033[0m'
+FMT_NONE = "\033[0m"
-FMT_UNDERLINE = '\033[4m'
+FMT_UNDERLINE = "\033[4m"
 
 FMT_ERROR = FMT_RED + FMT_BOLD
 

riscemu/debug.py

@@ -11,10 +11,10 @@ from .helpers import *
 if typing.TYPE_CHECKING:
     from riscemu import CPU, Registers
 
-HIST_FILE = os.path.join(os.path.expanduser('~'), '.riscemu_history')
+HIST_FILE = os.path.join(os.path.expanduser("~"), ".riscemu_history")
 
 
-def launch_debug_session(cpu: 'CPU', prompt=""):
+def launch_debug_session(cpu: "CPU", prompt=""):
     if cpu.debugger_active:
         return
     import code
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ def launch_debug_session(cpu: 'CPU', prompt=""):
             mmu.dump(what, *args, **kwargs)
 
     def dump_stack(*args, **kwargs):
-        mmu.dump(regs.get('sp'), *args, **kwargs)
+        mmu.dump(regs.get("sp"), *args, **kwargs)
 
     def ins():
         print("Current instruction at 0x{:08X}:".format(cpu.pc))
@@ -51,11 +51,7 @@ def launch_debug_session(cpu: 'CPU', prompt=""):
             return
         context = mmu.context_for(cpu.pc)
 
-        ins = SimpleInstruction(
+        ins = SimpleInstruction(name, tuple(args), context, cpu.pc)
-            name,
-            tuple(args),
-            context,
-            cpu.pc)
         print(FMT_DEBUG + "Running instruction {}".format(ins) + FMT_NONE)
         cpu.run_instruction(ins)
 
@@ -63,7 +59,7 @@ def launch_debug_session(cpu: 'CPU', prompt=""):
         try:
             cpu.run(verbose)
         except LaunchDebuggerException:
-            print(FMT_DEBUG + 'Returning to debugger...')
+            print(FMT_DEBUG + "Returning to debugger...")
             return
 
     def step():
@@ -92,4 +88,3 @@ def launch_debug_session(cpu: 'CPU', prompt=""):
     finally:
         cpu.debugger_active = False
         readline.write_history_file(HIST_FILE)
-

riscemu/decoder/__main__.py

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-if __name__ == '__main__':
+if __name__ == "__main__":
     import code
     import readline
     import rlcompleter
@@ -14,4 +14,6 @@ if __name__ == '__main__':
     readline.set_completer(rlcompleter.Completer(sess_vars).complete)
     readline.set_completer(rlcompleter.Completer(sess_vars).complete)
     readline.parse_and_bind("tab: complete")
-    code.InteractiveConsole(sess_vars).interact(banner="Interaktive decoding session started...", exitmsg="Closing...")
+    code.InteractiveConsole(sess_vars).interact(
+        banner="Interaktive decoding session started...", exitmsg="Closing..."
+    )

riscemu/decoder/decoder.py

@@ -5,13 +5,14 @@ from typing import Tuple, List
 def print_ins(ins: int):
     print("  f7      rs2   rs1   f3  rd    op")
     print(
-        f"0b{ins >> 25 :07b}_{(ins >> 20) & 0b11111:05b}_{(ins >> 15) & 0b11111:05b}_{(ins >> 12) & 0b111:03b}_{(ins >> 7) & 0b11111:05b}_{ins & 0b1111111:07b}");
+        f"0b{ins >> 25 :07b}_{(ins >> 20) & 0b11111:05b}_{(ins >> 15) & 0b11111:05b}_{(ins >> 12) & 0b111:03b}_{(ins >> 7) & 0b11111:05b}_{ins & 0b1111111:07b}"
+    )
 
 
 STATIC_INSN: Dict[int, Tuple[str, List[int], int]] = {
     0x00000013: ("nop", [], 0x00000013),
     0x00008067: ("ret", [], 0x00008067),
-    0xfe010113: ("addi", [2, 2, -32], 0xfe010113),
+    0xFE010113: ("addi", [2, 2, -32], 0xFE010113),
     0x02010113: ("addi", [2, 2, 32], 0x02010113),
     0x00100073: ("ebreak", [], 0x00100073),
     0x00000073: ("ecall", [], 0x00000073),
@@ -23,7 +24,7 @@ STATIC_INSN: Dict[int, Tuple[str, List[int], int]] = {
 
 
 def int_from_ins(insn: bytearray):
-    return int.from_bytes(insn, 'little')
+    return int.from_bytes(insn, "little")
 
 
 def name_from_insn(ins: int):
@@ -45,7 +46,7 @@ def name_from_insn(ins: int):
     if isinstance(dec, str):
         return dec
 
-    if opcode == 0x1c and fun3 == 0:
+    if opcode == 0x1C and fun3 == 0:
         # we have ecall/ebreak
         token = imm110(ins)
         if token in dec:

riscemu/decoder/formats.py

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 from typing import Dict, Callable, List, Union
 from .regs import RISCV_REGS
 
+
 def op(ins: int):
     return (ins >> 2) & 31
 
@@ -46,7 +47,12 @@ def imm_b(ins: int):
     lower = rd(ins)
     higher = funct7(ins)
 
-    num = (lower & 0b11110) + ((higher & 0b0111111) << 5) + ((lower & 1) << 11) + ((higher >> 6) << 12)
+    num = (
+        (lower & 0b11110)
+        + ((higher & 0b0111111) << 5)
+        + ((lower & 1) << 11)
+        + ((higher >> 6) << 12)
+    )
     return sign_extend(num, 13)
 
 
@@ -56,10 +62,11 @@ def imm_u(ins: int):
 
 def imm_j(ins: int):
     return sign_extend(
-        (((ins >> 21) & 0b1111111111) << 1) +
+        (((ins >> 21) & 0b1111111111) << 1)
-        (((ins >> 20) & 1) << 11) +
+        + (((ins >> 20) & 1) << 11)
-        (((ins >> 12) & 0b11111111) << 12) +
+        + (((ins >> 12) & 0b11111111) << 12)
-        (((ins >> 31) & 1) << 20), 21
+        + (((ins >> 31) & 1) << 20),
+        21,
     )
 
 
@@ -111,7 +118,7 @@ INSTRUCTION_ARGS_DECODER: Dict[int, Callable[[int], List[int]]] = {
     0x0D: decode_u,
     0x18: decode_b,
     0x19: decode_i,
-    0x1b: decode_j,
+    0x1B: decode_j,
-    0x1c: decode_i_unsigned,
+    0x1C: decode_i_unsigned,
-    0b1011: decode_r
+    0b1011: decode_r,
 }

riscemu/decoder/formatter.py

@@ -1,5 +1,15 @@
-from .formats import INSTRUCTION_ARGS_DECODER, op, decode_i, decode_r, decode_u, decode_b, decode_j, decode_s, \
+from .formats import (
-    decode_i_shamt, decode_i_unsigned
+    INSTRUCTION_ARGS_DECODER,
+    op,
+    decode_i,
+    decode_r,
+    decode_u,
+    decode_b,
+    decode_j,
+    decode_s,
+    decode_i_shamt,
+    decode_i_unsigned,
+)
 from .regs import RISCV_REGS
 
 
@@ -9,9 +19,9 @@ def int_to_hex(num: int):
     return f"0x{num:x}"
 
 
-def format_ins(ins: int, name: str, fmt: str = 'int'):
+def format_ins(ins: int, name: str, fmt: str = "int"):
     opcode = op(ins)
-    if fmt == 'hex':
+    if fmt == "hex":
         fmt = int_to_hex
     else:
         fmt = str
@@ -20,7 +30,7 @@ def format_ins(ins: int, name: str, fmt: str = 'int'):
         return f"{name} <unknown op>"
 
     decoder = INSTRUCTION_ARGS_DECODER[opcode]
-    if name in ('ecall', 'ebreak', 'mret', 'sret', 'uret'):
+    if name in ("ecall", "ebreak", "mret", "sret", "uret"):
         return name
     if opcode in (0x8, 0x0):
         r1, r2, imm = decoder(ins)

riscemu/decoder/instruction_table.py

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ from .formats import *
 tbl = lambda: defaultdict(tbl)
 
 RV32 = tbl()
-RV32[0x1b] = "jal"
+RV32[0x1B] = "jal"
 RV32[0x0D] = "lui"
 RV32[0x05] = "auipc"
 RV32[0x19][0] = "jalr"
@@ -36,26 +36,26 @@ RV32[0x08][0] = "sb"
 RV32[0x08][1] = "sh"
 RV32[0x08][2] = "sw"
 
-RV32[0x1c][1] = "csrrw"
+RV32[0x1C][1] = "csrrw"
-RV32[0x1c][2] = "csrrs"
+RV32[0x1C][2] = "csrrs"
-RV32[0x1c][3] = "csrrc"
+RV32[0x1C][3] = "csrrc"
-RV32[0x1c][5] = "csrrwi"
+RV32[0x1C][5] = "csrrwi"
-RV32[0x1c][6] = "csrrsi"
+RV32[0x1C][6] = "csrrsi"
-RV32[0x1c][7] = "csrrci"
+RV32[0x1C][7] = "csrrci"
 
-RV32[0x1c][0][0] = "ecall"
+RV32[0x1C][0][0] = "ecall"
-RV32[0x1c][0][1] = "ebreak"
+RV32[0x1C][0][1] = "ebreak"
 
-RV32[0x0C][0][0]  = "add"
+RV32[0x0C][0][0] = "add"
 RV32[0x0C][0][32] = "sub"
-RV32[0x0C][1][0]  = "sll"
+RV32[0x0C][1][0] = "sll"
-RV32[0x0C][2][0]  = "slt"
+RV32[0x0C][2][0] = "slt"
-RV32[0x0C][3][0]  = "sltu"
+RV32[0x0C][3][0] = "sltu"
-RV32[0x0C][4][0]  = "xor"
+RV32[0x0C][4][0] = "xor"
-RV32[0x0C][5][0]  = "srl"
+RV32[0x0C][5][0] = "srl"
 RV32[0x0C][5][32] = "sra"
-RV32[0x0C][6][0]  = "or"
+RV32[0x0C][6][0] = "or"
-RV32[0x0C][7][0]  = "and"
+RV32[0x0C][7][0] = "and"
 
 # rv32m
 RV32[0x0C][0][1] = "mul"

riscemu/decoder/regs.py

@@ -1,6 +1,34 @@
 RISCV_REGS = [
-    'zero', 'ra', 'sp', 'gp', 'tp', 't0', 't1', 't2',
+    "zero",
-    's0', 's1', 'a0', 'a1', 'a2', 'a3', 'a4', 'a5', 'a6', 'a7',
+    "ra",
-    's2', 's3', 's4', 's5', 's6', 's7', 's8', 's9', 's10', 's11',
+    "sp",
-    't3', 't4', 't5', 't6'
+    "gp",
+    "tp",
+    "t0",
+    "t1",
+    "t2",
+    "s0",
+    "s1",
+    "a0",
+    "a1",
+    "a2",
+    "a3",
+    "a4",
+    "a5",
+    "a6",
+    "a7",
+    "s2",
+    "s3",
+    "s4",
+    "s5",
+    "s6",
+    "s7",
+    "s8",
+    "s9",
+    "s10",
+    "s11",
+    "t3",
+    "t4",
+    "t5",
+    "t6",
 ]

riscemu/helpers.py

@@ -14,6 +14,8 @@ from .types.exceptions import *
 def align_addr(addr: int, to_bytes: int = 8) -> int:
     """
     align an address to `to_bytes` (meaning addr & to_bytes = 0)
+
+    This will increase the address
     """
     return addr + (-addr % to_bytes)
 
@@ -23,16 +25,19 @@ def parse_numeric_argument(arg: str) -> int:
     parse hex or int strings
     """
     try:
-        if arg.lower().startswith('0x'):
+        if arg.lower().startswith("0x"):
             return int(arg, 16)
         return int(arg)
     except ValueError as ex:
-        raise ParseException('Invalid immediate argument \"{}\", maybe missing symbol?'.format(arg), (arg, ex))
+        raise ParseException(
+            'Invalid immediate argument "{}", maybe missing symbol?'.format(arg),
+            (arg, ex),
+        )
 
 
 def create_chunks(my_list, chunk_size):
     """Split a list like [a,b,c,d,e,f,g,h,i,j,k,l,m] into e.g. [[a,b,c,d],[e,f,g,h],[i,j,k,l],[m]]"""
-    return [my_list[i:i + chunk_size] for i in range(0, len(my_list), chunk_size)]
+    return [my_list[i : i + chunk_size] for i in range(0, len(my_list), chunk_size)]
 
 
 def apply_highlight(item, ind, hi_ind):
@@ -45,26 +50,31 @@ def apply_highlight(item, ind, hi_ind):
 
 
 def highlight_in_list(items, hi_ind, joiner=" "):
-    return joiner.join([apply_highlight(item, i, hi_ind) for i, item in enumerate(items)])
+    return joiner.join(
+        [apply_highlight(item, i, hi_ind) for i, item in enumerate(items)]
+    )
 
 
 def format_bytes(byte_arr: bytearray, fmt: str, group: int = 1, highlight: int = -1):
     """Format byte array as per fmt. Group into groups of size `group`, and highlight index `highlight`."""
     chunks = create_chunks(byte_arr, group)
-    if fmt == 'hex':
+    if fmt == "hex":
-        return highlight_in_list(['0x{}'.format(ch.hex()) for ch in chunks], highlight)
+        return highlight_in_list(["0x{}".format(ch.hex()) for ch in chunks], highlight)
-    if fmt == 'int':
+    if fmt == "int":
         spc = str(ceil(log10(2 ** (group * 8 - 1))) + 1)
-        return highlight_in_list([('{:0' + spc + 'd}').format(Int32(ch)) for ch in chunks], highlight)
+        return highlight_in_list(
-    if fmt == 'uint':
+            [("{:0" + spc + "d}").format(Int32(ch)) for ch in chunks], highlight
+        )
+    if fmt == "uint":
         spc = str(ceil(log10(2 ** (group * 8))))
-        return highlight_in_list([('{:0' + spc + 'd}').format(UInt32(ch)) for ch in chunks],
+        return highlight_in_list(
-                                 highlight)
+            [("{:0" + spc + "d}").format(UInt32(ch)) for ch in chunks], highlight
-    if fmt == 'char':
+        )
+    if fmt == "char":
         return highlight_in_list((repr(chr(b))[1:-1] for b in byte_arr), highlight, "")
 
 
-T = TypeVar('T')
+T = TypeVar("T")
 
 
 class Peekable(Generic[T], Iterator[T]):
@@ -98,6 +108,10 @@ class Peekable(Generic[T], Iterator[T]):
 
 
 def get_section_base_name(section_name: str) -> str:
-    if '.' not in section_name:
+    if "." not in section_name:
-        print(FMT_PARSE + f"Invalid section {section_name}, not starting with a dot!" + FMT_NONE)
+        print(
-    return '.' + section_name.split('.')[1]
+            FMT_PARSE
+            + f"Invalid section {section_name}, not starting with a dot!"
+            + FMT_NONE
+        )
+    return "." + section_name.split(".")[1]

riscemu/instructions/RV32A.py

@@ -10,52 +10,52 @@ class RV32A(InstructionSet):
     for this?
     """
 
-    def instruction_lr_w(self, ins: 'Instruction'):
+    def instruction_lr_w(self, ins: "Instruction"):
         INS_NOT_IMPLEMENTED(ins)
 
-    def instruction_sc_w(self, ins: 'Instruction'):
+    def instruction_sc_w(self, ins: "Instruction"):
         INS_NOT_IMPLEMENTED(ins)
 
-    def instruction_amoswap_w(self, ins: 'Instruction'):
+    def instruction_amoswap_w(self, ins: "Instruction"):
         dest, addr, val = self.parse_rd_rs_rs(ins)
-        if dest == 'zero':
+        if dest == "zero":
             self.mmu.write(addr, val.to_bytes())
         else:
             old = Int32(self.mmu.read(addr, 4))
             self.mmu.write(addr, val.to_bytes())
             self.regs.set(dest, old)
 
-    def instruction_amoadd_w(self, ins: 'Instruction'):
+    def instruction_amoadd_w(self, ins: "Instruction"):
         dest, addr, val = self.parse_rd_rs_rs(ins)
         old = Int32(self.mmu.read(addr, 4))
         self.mmu.write(addr, (old + val).to_bytes(4))
         self.regs.set(dest, old)
 
-    def instruction_amoand_w(self, ins: 'Instruction'):
+    def instruction_amoand_w(self, ins: "Instruction"):
         dest, addr, val = self.parse_rd_rs_rs(ins)
         old = Int32(self.mmu.read(addr, 4))
         self.mmu.write(addr, (old & val).to_bytes(4))
         self.regs.set(dest, old)
 
-    def instruction_amoor_w(self, ins: 'Instruction'):
+    def instruction_amoor_w(self, ins: "Instruction"):
         dest, addr, val = self.parse_rd_rs_rs(ins)
         old = Int32(self.mmu.read(addr, 4))
         self.mmu.write(addr, (old | val).to_bytes(4))
         self.regs.set(dest, old)
 
-    def instruction_amoxor_w(self, ins: 'Instruction'):
+    def instruction_amoxor_w(self, ins: "Instruction"):
         dest, addr, val = self.parse_rd_rs_rs(ins)
         old = Int32(self.mmu.read(addr, 4))
         self.mmu.write(addr, (old ^ val).to_bytes(4))
         self.regs.set(dest, old)
 
-    def instruction_amomax_w(self, ins: 'Instruction'):
+    def instruction_amomax_w(self, ins: "Instruction"):
         dest, addr, val = self.parse_rd_rs_rs(ins)
         old = Int32(self.mmu.read(addr, 4))
         self.mmu.write(addr, max(old, val).to_bytes(4))
         self.regs.set(dest, old)
 
-    def instruction_amomaxu_w(self, ins: 'Instruction'):
+    def instruction_amomaxu_w(self, ins: "Instruction"):
         val: UInt32
         dest, addr, val = self.parse_rd_rs_rs(ins, signed=False)
         old = UInt32(self.mmu.read(addr, 4))
@@ -63,13 +63,13 @@ class RV32A(InstructionSet):
         self.mmu.write(addr, max(old, val).to_bytes())
         self.regs.set(dest, old)
 
-    def instruction_amomin_w(self, ins: 'Instruction'):
+    def instruction_amomin_w(self, ins: "Instruction"):
         dest, addr, val = self.parse_rd_rs_rs(ins)
         old = Int32(self.mmu.read(addr, 4))
         self.mmu.write(addr, min(old, val).to_bytes(4))
         self.regs.set(dest, old)
 
-    def instruction_amominu_w(self, ins: 'Instruction'):
+    def instruction_amominu_w(self, ins: "Instruction"):
         val: UInt32
         dest, addr, val = self.parse_rd_rs_rs(ins, signed=False)
         old = UInt32(self.mmu.read(addr, 4))

riscemu/instructions/RV32I.py

@@ -22,241 +22,186 @@ class RV32I(InstructionSet):
     See https://maxvytech.com/images/RV32I-11-2018.pdf for a more detailed overview
     """
 
-    def instruction_lb(self, ins: 'Instruction'):
+    def instruction_lb(self, ins: "Instruction"):
         rd, addr = self.parse_mem_ins(ins)
         self.regs.set(rd, Int32.sign_extend(self.mmu.read(addr.unsigned_value, 1), 8))
 
-    def instruction_lh(self, ins: 'Instruction'):
+    def instruction_lh(self, ins: "Instruction"):
         rd, addr = self.parse_mem_ins(ins)
         self.regs.set(rd, Int32.sign_extend(self.mmu.read(addr.unsigned_value, 2), 16))
 
-    def instruction_lw(self, ins: 'Instruction'):
+    def instruction_lw(self, ins: "Instruction"):
         rd, addr = self.parse_mem_ins(ins)
         self.regs.set(rd, Int32(self.mmu.read(addr.unsigned_value, 4)))
 
-    def instruction_lbu(self, ins: 'Instruction'):
+    def instruction_lbu(self, ins: "Instruction"):
         rd, addr = self.parse_mem_ins(ins)
         self.regs.set(rd, Int32(self.mmu.read(addr.unsigned_value, 1)))
 
-    def instruction_lhu(self, ins: 'Instruction'):
+    def instruction_lhu(self, ins: "Instruction"):
         rd, addr = self.parse_mem_ins(ins)
         self.regs.set(rd, Int32(self.mmu.read(addr.unsigned_value, 2)))
 
-    def instruction_sb(self, ins: 'Instruction'):
+    def instruction_sb(self, ins: "Instruction"):
         rd, addr = self.parse_mem_ins(ins)
         self.mmu.write(addr.unsigned_value, 1, self.regs.get(rd).to_bytes(1))
 
-    def instruction_sh(self, ins: 'Instruction'):
+    def instruction_sh(self, ins: "Instruction"):
         rd, addr = self.parse_mem_ins(ins)
         self.mmu.write(addr.unsigned_value, 2, self.regs.get(rd).to_bytes(2))
 
-    def instruction_sw(self, ins: 'Instruction'):
+    def instruction_sw(self, ins: "Instruction"):
         rd, addr = self.parse_mem_ins(ins)
         self.mmu.write(addr.unsigned_value, 4, self.regs.get(rd).to_bytes(4))
 
-    def instruction_sll(self, ins: 'Instruction'):
+    def instruction_sll(self, ins: "Instruction"):
         ASSERT_LEN(ins.args, 3)
         dst = ins.get_reg(0)
         src1 = ins.get_reg(1)
         src2 = ins.get_reg(2)
-        self.regs.set(
+        self.regs.set(dst, self.regs.get(src1) << (self.regs.get(src2) & 0b11111))
-            dst,
-            self.regs.get(src1) << (self.regs.get(src2) & 0b11111)
-        )
 
-    def instruction_slli(self, ins: 'Instruction'):
+    def instruction_slli(self, ins: "Instruction"):
         ASSERT_LEN(ins.args, 3)
         dst = ins.get_reg(0)
         src1 = ins.get_reg(1)
         imm = ins.get_imm(2)
-        self.regs.set(
+        self.regs.set(dst, self.regs.get(src1) << (imm & 0b11111))
-            dst,
-            self.regs.get(src1) << (imm & 0b11111)
-        )
 
-    def instruction_srl(self, ins: 'Instruction'):
+    def instruction_srl(self, ins: "Instruction"):
         ASSERT_LEN(ins.args, 3)
         dst = ins.get_reg(0)
         src1 = ins.get_reg(1)
         src2 = ins.get_reg(2)
         self.regs.set(
-            dst,
+            dst, self.regs.get(src1).shift_right_logical(self.regs.get(src2) & 0b11111)
-            self.regs.get(src1).shift_right_logical(self.regs.get(src2) & 0b11111)
         )
 
-    def instruction_srli(self, ins: 'Instruction'):
+    def instruction_srli(self, ins: "Instruction"):
         ASSERT_LEN(ins.args, 3)
         dst = ins.get_reg(0)
         src1 = ins.get_reg(1)
         imm = ins.get_imm(2)
-        self.regs.set(
+        self.regs.set(dst, self.regs.get(src1).shift_right_logical(imm & 0b11111))
-            dst,
-            self.regs.get(src1).shift_right_logical(imm & 0b11111)
-        )
 
-    def instruction_sra(self, ins: 'Instruction'):
+    def instruction_sra(self, ins: "Instruction"):
         ASSERT_LEN(ins.args, 3)
         dst = ins.get_reg(0)
         src1 = ins.get_reg(1)
         src2 = ins.get_reg(2)
-        self.regs.set(
+        self.regs.set(dst, self.regs.get(src1) >> (self.regs.get(src2) & 0b11111))
-            dst,
-            self.regs.get(src1) >> (self.regs.get(src2) & 0b11111)
-        )
 
-    def instruction_srai(self, ins: 'Instruction'):
+    def instruction_srai(self, ins: "Instruction"):
         ASSERT_LEN(ins.args, 3)
         dst = ins.get_reg(0)
         src1 = ins.get_reg(1)
         imm = ins.get_imm(2)
-        self.regs.set(
+        self.regs.set(dst, self.regs.get(src1) >> (imm & 0b11111))
-            dst,
-            self.regs.get(src1) >> (imm & 0b11111)
-        )
 
-    def instruction_add(self, ins: 'Instruction'):
+    def instruction_add(self, ins: "Instruction"):
         # FIXME: once configuration is figured out, add flag to support immediate arg in add instruction
         dst, rs1, rs2 = self.parse_rd_rs_rs(ins)
 
-        self.regs.set(
+        self.regs.set(dst, rs1 + rs2)
-            dst,
-            rs1 + rs2
-        )
 
-    def instruction_addi(self, ins: 'Instruction'):
+    def instruction_addi(self, ins: "Instruction"):
         dst, rs1, imm = self.parse_rd_rs_imm(ins)
-        self.regs.set(
+        self.regs.set(dst, rs1 + imm)
-            dst,
-            rs1 + imm
-        )
 
-    def instruction_sub(self, ins: 'Instruction'):
+    def instruction_sub(self, ins: "Instruction"):
         dst, rs1, rs2 = self.parse_rd_rs_rs(ins)
-        self.regs.set(
+        self.regs.set(dst, rs1 - rs2)
-            dst,
-            rs1 - rs2
-        )
 
-    def instruction_lui(self, ins: 'Instruction'):
+    def instruction_lui(self, ins: "Instruction"):
         ASSERT_LEN(ins.args, 2)
         reg = ins.get_reg(0)
         imm = UInt32(ins.get_imm(1) << 12)
         self.regs.set(reg, Int32(imm))
 
-    def instruction_auipc(self, ins: 'Instruction'):
+    def instruction_auipc(self, ins: "Instruction"):
         ASSERT_LEN(ins.args, 2)
         reg = ins.get_reg(0)
         imm = UInt32(ins.get_imm(1) << 12)
         self.regs.set(reg, imm.signed() + self.pc)
 
-    def instruction_xor(self, ins: 'Instruction'):
+    def instruction_xor(self, ins: "Instruction"):
         rd, rs1, rs2 = self.parse_rd_rs_rs(ins)
-        self.regs.set(
+        self.regs.set(rd, rs1 ^ rs2)
-            rd,
-            rs1 ^ rs2
-        )
 
-    def instruction_xori(self, ins: 'Instruction'):
+    def instruction_xori(self, ins: "Instruction"):
         rd, rs1, imm = self.parse_rd_rs_imm(ins)
-        self.regs.set(
+        self.regs.set(rd, rs1 ^ imm)
-            rd,
-            rs1 ^ imm
-        )
 
-    def instruction_or(self, ins: 'Instruction'):
+    def instruction_or(self, ins: "Instruction"):
         rd, rs1, rs2 = self.parse_rd_rs_rs(ins)
-        self.regs.set(
+        self.regs.set(rd, rs1 | rs2)
-            rd,
-            rs1 | rs2
-        )
 
-    def instruction_ori(self, ins: 'Instruction'):
+    def instruction_ori(self, ins: "Instruction"):
         rd, rs1, imm = self.parse_rd_rs_imm(ins)
-        self.regs.set(
+        self.regs.set(rd, rs1 | imm)
-            rd,
-            rs1 | imm
-        )
 
-    def instruction_and(self, ins: 'Instruction'):
+    def instruction_and(self, ins: "Instruction"):
         rd, rs1, rs2 = self.parse_rd_rs_rs(ins)
-        self.regs.set(
+        self.regs.set(rd, rs1 & rs2)
-            rd,
-            rs1 & rs2
-        )
 
-    def instruction_andi(self, ins: 'Instruction'):
+    def instruction_andi(self, ins: "Instruction"):
         rd, rs1, imm = self.parse_rd_rs_imm(ins)
-        self.regs.set(
+        self.regs.set(rd, rs1 & imm)
-            rd,
-            rs1 & imm
-        )
 
-    def instruction_slt(self, ins: 'Instruction'):
+    def instruction_slt(self, ins: "Instruction"):
         rd, rs1, rs2 = self.parse_rd_rs_rs(ins)
-        self.regs.set(
+        self.regs.set(rd, Int32(int(rs1 < rs2)))
-            rd,
-            Int32(int(rs1 < rs2))
-        )
 
-    def instruction_slti(self, ins: 'Instruction'):
+    def instruction_slti(self, ins: "Instruction"):
         rd, rs1, imm = self.parse_rd_rs_imm(ins)
-        self.regs.set(
+        self.regs.set(rd, Int32(int(rs1 < imm)))
-            rd,
-            Int32(int(rs1 < imm))
-        )
 
-    def instruction_sltu(self, ins: 'Instruction'):
+    def instruction_sltu(self, ins: "Instruction"):
         dst, rs1, rs2 = self.parse_rd_rs_rs(ins, signed=False)
-        self.regs.set(
+        self.regs.set(dst, Int32(int(rs1 < rs2)))
-            dst,
-            Int32(int(rs1 < rs2))
-        )
 
-    def instruction_sltiu(self, ins: 'Instruction'):
+    def instruction_sltiu(self, ins: "Instruction"):
         dst, rs1, imm = self.parse_rd_rs_imm(ins, signed=False)
-        self.regs.set(
+        self.regs.set(dst, Int32(int(rs1 < imm)))
-            dst,
-            Int32(int(rs1 < imm))
-        )
 
-    def instruction_beq(self, ins: 'Instruction'):
+    def instruction_beq(self, ins: "Instruction"):
         rs1, rs2, dst = self.parse_rs_rs_imm(ins)
         if rs1 == rs2:
             self.pc = dst.unsigned_value
 
-    def instruction_bne(self, ins: 'Instruction'):
+    def instruction_bne(self, ins: "Instruction"):
         rs1, rs2, dst = self.parse_rs_rs_imm(ins)
         if rs1 != rs2:
             self.pc = dst.unsigned_value
 
-    def instruction_blt(self, ins: 'Instruction'):
+    def instruction_blt(self, ins: "Instruction"):
         rs1, rs2, dst = self.parse_rs_rs_imm(ins)
         if rs1 < rs2:
             self.pc = dst.unsigned_value
 
-    def instruction_bge(self, ins: 'Instruction'):
+    def instruction_bge(self, ins: "Instruction"):
         rs1, rs2, dst = self.parse_rs_rs_imm(ins)
         if rs1 >= rs2:
             self.pc = dst.unsigned_value
 
-    def instruction_bltu(self, ins: 'Instruction'):
+    def instruction_bltu(self, ins: "Instruction"):
         rs1, rs2, dst = self.parse_rs_rs_imm(ins, signed=False)
         if rs1 < rs2:
             self.pc = dst.unsigned_value
 
-    def instruction_bgeu(self, ins: 'Instruction'):
+    def instruction_bgeu(self, ins: "Instruction"):
         rs1, rs2, dst = self.parse_rs_rs_imm(ins, signed=False)
         if rs1 >= rs2:
             self.pc = dst.unsigned_value
 
     # technically deprecated
-    def instruction_j(self, ins: 'Instruction'):
+    def instruction_j(self, ins: "Instruction"):
         ASSERT_LEN(ins.args, 1)
         addr = ins.get_imm(0)
         self.pc = addr
 
-    def instruction_jal(self, ins: 'Instruction'):
+    def instruction_jal(self, ins: "Instruction"):
-        reg = 'ra'  # default register is ra
+        reg = "ra"  # default register is ra
         if len(ins.args) == 1:
             addr = ins.get_imm(0)
         else:
@@ -266,58 +211,61 @@ class RV32I(InstructionSet):
         self.regs.set(reg, Int32(self.pc))
         self.pc = addr
 
-    def instruction_jalr(self, ins: 'Instruction'):
+    def instruction_jalr(self, ins: "Instruction"):
         ASSERT_LEN(ins.args, 2)
         reg = ins.get_reg(0)
-        addr = ins.get_imm(1)
+        base = ins.get_reg(1)
+        addr = ins.get_imm(2)
         self.regs.set(reg, Int32(self.pc))
-        self.pc = addr
+        self.pc = self.regs.get(base).unsigned_value + addr
 
-    def instruction_ret(self, ins: 'Instruction'):
+    def instruction_ret(self, ins: "Instruction"):
         ASSERT_LEN(ins.args, 0)
-        self.pc = self.regs.get('ra').value
+        self.pc = self.regs.get("ra").value
 
-    def instruction_ecall(self, ins: 'Instruction'):
+    def instruction_ecall(self, ins: "Instruction"):
         self.instruction_scall(ins)
 
-    def instruction_ebreak(self, ins: 'Instruction'):
+    def instruction_ebreak(self, ins: "Instruction"):
         self.instruction_sbreak(ins)
 
-    def instruction_scall(self, ins: 'Instruction'):
+    def instruction_scall(self, ins: "Instruction"):
         ASSERT_LEN(ins.args, 0)
 
         if not isinstance(self.cpu, UserModeCPU):
             # FIXME: add exception for syscall not supported or something
             raise
 
-        syscall = Syscall(self.regs.get('a7'), self.cpu)
+        syscall = Syscall(self.regs.get("a7"), self.cpu)
         self.cpu.syscall_int.handle_syscall(syscall)
 
-    def instruction_sbreak(self, ins: 'Instruction'):
+    def instruction_sbreak(self, ins: "Instruction"):
         ASSERT_LEN(ins.args, 0)
         if self.cpu.conf.debug_instruction:
-            print(FMT_DEBUG + "Debug instruction encountered at 0x{:08X}".format(self.pc - 1) + FMT_NONE)
+            print(
+                FMT_DEBUG
+                + "Debug instruction encountered at 0x{:08X}".format(self.pc - 1)
+                + FMT_NONE
+            )
             raise LaunchDebuggerException()
 
-    def instruction_nop(self, ins: 'Instruction'):
+    def instruction_nop(self, ins: "Instruction"):
         ASSERT_LEN(ins.args, 0)
         pass
 
-    def instruction_li(self, ins: 'Instruction'):
+    def instruction_li(self, ins: "Instruction"):
         ASSERT_LEN(ins.args, 2)
         reg = ins.get_reg(0)
         immediate = ins.get_imm(1)
         self.regs.set(reg, Int32(immediate))
 
-    def instruction_la(self, ins: 'Instruction'):
+    def instruction_la(self, ins: "Instruction"):
         ASSERT_LEN(ins.args, 2)
         reg = ins.get_reg(0)
         immediate = ins.get_imm(1)
         self.regs.set(reg, Int32(immediate))
 
-    def instruction_mv(self, ins: 'Instruction'):
+    def instruction_mv(self, ins: "Instruction"):
         ASSERT_LEN(ins.args, 2)
         rd, rs = ins.get_reg(0), ins.get_reg(1)
         self.regs.set(rd, self.regs.get(rs))
-
-

riscemu/instructions/RV32M.py

@@ -12,50 +12,33 @@ class RV32M(InstructionSet):
     """
     The RV32M Instruction set, containing multiplication and division instructions
     """
-    def instruction_mul(self, ins: 'Instruction'):
+
+    def instruction_mul(self, ins: "Instruction"):
         rd, rs1, rs2 = self.parse_rd_rs_rs(ins)
-        self.regs.set(
+        self.regs.set(rd, rs1 * rs2)
-            rd,
-            rs1 * rs2
-        )
 
-    def instruction_mulh(self, ins: 'Instruction'):
+    def instruction_mulh(self, ins: "Instruction"):
         rd, rs1, rs2 = self.parse_rd_rs_rs(ins)
-        self.regs.set(
+        self.regs.set(rd, (rs1 * rs2) >> 32)
-            rd,
-            (rs1 * rs2) >> 32
-        )
 
-    def instruction_mulhsu(self, ins: 'Instruction'):
+    def instruction_mulhsu(self, ins: "Instruction"):
         INS_NOT_IMPLEMENTED(ins)
 
-    def instruction_mulhu(self, ins: 'Instruction'):
+    def instruction_mulhu(self, ins: "Instruction"):
         INS_NOT_IMPLEMENTED(ins)
 
-    def instruction_div(self, ins: 'Instruction'):
+    def instruction_div(self, ins: "Instruction"):
         rd, rs1, rs2 = self.parse_rd_rs_rs(ins)
-        self.regs.set(
+        self.regs.set(rd, rs1 // rs2)
-            rd,
-            rs1 // rs2
-        )
 
-    def instruction_divu(self, ins: 'Instruction'):
+    def instruction_divu(self, ins: "Instruction"):
         rd, rs1, rs2 = self.parse_rd_rs_rs(ins, signed=False)
-        self.regs.set(
+        self.regs.set(rd, rs1 // rs2)
-            rd,
-            rs1 // rs2
-        )
 
-    def instruction_rem(self, ins: 'Instruction'):
+    def instruction_rem(self, ins: "Instruction"):
         rd, rs1, rs2 = self.parse_rd_rs_rs(ins)
-        self.regs.set(
+        self.regs.set(rd, rs1 % rs2)
-            rd,
-            rs1 % rs2
-        )
 
-    def instruction_remu(self, ins: 'Instruction'):
+    def instruction_remu(self, ins: "Instruction"):
         rd, rs1, rs2 = self.parse_rd_rs_rs(ins, signed=False)
-        self.regs.set(
+        self.regs.set(rd, rs1 % rs2)
-            rd,
-            rs1 % rs2
-        )

riscemu/instructions/RV_Debug.py

@@ -8,7 +8,11 @@ class RV_Debug(InstructionSet):
 
     def instruction_print_uint(self, ins: Instruction):
         reg = ins.get_reg(0)
-        print("register {} contains value {}".format(reg, self.regs.get(reg).unsigned_value))
+        print(
+            "register {} contains value {}".format(
+                reg, self.regs.get(reg).unsigned_value
+            )
+        )
 
     def instruction_print_hex(self, ins: Instruction):
         reg = ins.get_reg(0)
@@ -16,4 +20,8 @@ class RV_Debug(InstructionSet):
 
     def instruction_print_uhex(self, ins: Instruction):
         reg = ins.get_reg(0)
-        print("register {} contains value {}".format(reg, hex(self.regs.get(reg).unsigned_value)))
+        print(
+            "register {} contains value {}".format(
+                reg, hex(self.regs.get(reg).unsigned_value)
+            )
+        )

riscemu/instructions/__init__.py

@@ -12,6 +12,4 @@ from .RV32I import RV32I
 from .RV32A import RV32A
 from .RV_Debug import RV_Debug
 
-InstructionSetDict = {
+InstructionSetDict = {v.__name__: v for v in [RV32I, RV32M, RV32A, RV_Debug]}
-    v.__name__: v for v in [RV32I, RV32M, RV32A, RV_Debug]
-}

riscemu/instructions/instruction_set.py

@@ -23,23 +23,21 @@ class InstructionSet(ABC):
     instructions containing a dot '.' should replace it with an underscore.
     """
 
-    def __init__(self, cpu: 'CPU'):
+    def __init__(self, cpu: "CPU"):
         """Create a new instance of the Instruction set. This requires access to a CPU, and grabs vertain things
         from it such as access to the MMU and registers.
         """
         self.name = self.__class__.__name__
         self.cpu = cpu
 
-    def load(self) -> Dict[str, Callable[['Instruction'], None]]:
+    def load(self) -> Dict[str, Callable[["Instruction"], None]]:
         """
         This is called by the CPU once it instantiates this instruction set
 
         It returns a dictionary of all instructions in this instruction set,
         pointing to the correct handler for it
         """
-        return {
+        return {name: ins for name, ins in self.get_instructions()}
-            name: ins for name, ins in self.get_instructions()
-        }
 
     def get_instructions(self):
         """
@@ -48,10 +46,10 @@ class InstructionSet(ABC):
         converts underscores in names to dots
         """
         for member in dir(self):
-            if member.startswith('instruction_'):
+            if member.startswith("instruction_"):
-                yield member[12:].replace('_', '.'), getattr(self, member)
+                yield member[12:].replace("_", "."), getattr(self, member)
 
-    def parse_mem_ins(self, ins: 'Instruction') -> Tuple[str, Int32]:
+    def parse_mem_ins(self, ins: "Instruction") -> Tuple[str, Int32]:
         """
         parses both rd, rs, imm and rd, imm(rs) argument format and returns (rd, imm+rs1)
         (so a register and address tuple for memory instructions)
@@ -69,51 +67,69 @@ class InstructionSet(ABC):
         rd = ins.get_reg(0)
         return rd, rs + imm
 
-    def parse_rd_rs_rs(self, ins: 'Instruction', signed=True) -> Tuple[str, Int32, Int32]:
+    def parse_rd_rs_rs(
+        self, ins: "Instruction", signed=True
+    ) -> Tuple[str, Int32, Int32]:
         """
         Assumes the command is in <name> rd, rs1, rs2 format
         Returns the name of rd, and the values in rs1 and rs2
         """
         ASSERT_LEN(ins.args, 3)
         if signed:
-            return ins.get_reg(0), \
+            return (
-                   Int32(self.get_reg_content(ins, 1)), \
+                ins.get_reg(0),
-                   Int32(self.get_reg_content(ins, 2))
+                Int32(self.get_reg_content(ins, 1)),
+                Int32(self.get_reg_content(ins, 2)),
+            )
         else:
-            return ins.get_reg(0), \
+            return (
-                   UInt32(self.get_reg_content(ins, 1)), \
+                ins.get_reg(0),
-                   UInt32(self.get_reg_content(ins, 2))
+                UInt32(self.get_reg_content(ins, 1)),
+                UInt32(self.get_reg_content(ins, 2)),
+            )
 
-    def parse_rd_rs_imm(self, ins: 'Instruction', signed=True) -> Tuple[str, Int32, Int32]:
+    def parse_rd_rs_imm(
+        self, ins: "Instruction", signed=True
+    ) -> Tuple[str, Int32, Int32]:
         """
         Assumes the command is in <name> rd, rs, imm format
         Returns the name of rd, the value in rs and the immediate imm
         """
         ASSERT_LEN(ins.args, 3)
         if signed:
-            return ins.get_reg(0), \
+            return (
-                   Int32(self.get_reg_content(ins, 1)), \
+                ins.get_reg(0),
-                   Int32(ins.get_imm(2))
+                Int32(self.get_reg_content(ins, 1)),
+                Int32(ins.get_imm(2)),
+            )
         else:
-            return ins.get_reg(0), \
+            return (
-                   UInt32(self.get_reg_content(ins, 1)), \
+                ins.get_reg(0),
-                   UInt32(ins.get_imm(2))
+                UInt32(self.get_reg_content(ins, 1)),
+                UInt32(ins.get_imm(2)),
+            )
 
-    def parse_rs_rs_imm(self, ins: 'Instruction', signed=True) -> Tuple[Int32, Int32, Int32]:
+    def parse_rs_rs_imm(
+        self, ins: "Instruction", signed=True
+    ) -> Tuple[Int32, Int32, Int32]:
         """
         Assumes the command is in <name> rs1, rs2, imm format
         Returns the values in rs1, rs2 and the immediate imm
         """
         if signed:
-            return Int32(self.get_reg_content(ins, 0)), \
+            return (
-                   Int32(self.get_reg_content(ins, 1)), \
+                Int32(self.get_reg_content(ins, 0)),
-                   Int32(ins.get_imm(2))
+                Int32(self.get_reg_content(ins, 1)),
+                Int32(ins.get_imm(2)),
+            )
         else:
-            return UInt32(self.get_reg_content(ins, 0)), \
+            return (
-                   UInt32(self.get_reg_content(ins, 1)), \
+                UInt32(self.get_reg_content(ins, 0)),
-                   UInt32(ins.get_imm(2))
+                UInt32(self.get_reg_content(ins, 1)),
+                UInt32(ins.get_imm(2)),
+            )
 
-    def get_reg_content(self, ins: 'Instruction', ind: int) -> Int32:
+    def get_reg_content(self, ins: "Instruction", ind: int) -> Int32:
         """
         get the register name from ins and then return the register contents
         """
@@ -140,6 +156,5 @@ class InstructionSet(ABC):
 
     def __repr__(self):
         return "InstructionSet[{}] with {} instructions".format(
-            self.__class__.__name__,
+            self.__class__.__name__, len(list(self.get_instructions()))
-            len(list(self.get_instructions()))
         )

riscemu/interactive.py

@@ -3,21 +3,29 @@ import sys
 from riscemu import RunConfig
 from riscemu.types import InstructionMemorySection, SimpleInstruction, Program
 
-if __name__ == '__main__':
+if __name__ == "__main__":
     from .CPU import UserModeCPU
     from .instructions import InstructionSetDict
     from .debug import launch_debug_session
 
     cpu = UserModeCPU(list(InstructionSetDict.values()), RunConfig(verbosity=4))
 
-    program = Program('interactive session', base=0x100)
+    program = Program("interactive session", base=0x100)
     context = program.context
-    program.add_section(InstructionMemorySection([
+    program.add_section(
-        SimpleInstruction('ebreak', (), context, 0x100),
+        InstructionMemorySection(
-        SimpleInstruction('addi', ('a0', 'zero', '0'), context, 0x104),
+            [
-        SimpleInstruction('addi', ('a7', 'zero', '93'), context, 0x108),
+                SimpleInstruction("ebreak", (), context, 0x100),
-        SimpleInstruction('scall', (), context, 0x10C),
+                SimpleInstruction("addi", ("a0", "zero", "0"), context, 0x104),
-    ], '.text', context, program.name, 0x100))
+                SimpleInstruction("addi", ("a7", "zero", "93"), context, 0x108),
+                SimpleInstruction("scall", (), context, 0x10C),
+            ],
+            ".text",
+            context,
+            program.name,
+            0x100,
+        )
+    )
 
     cpu.load_program(program)
 

riscemu/parser.py

@@ -16,28 +16,32 @@ from .types.exceptions import ParseException
 
 def parse_instruction(token: Token, args: Tuple[str], context: ParseContext):
     if context.section is None:
-        context.new_section('.text', MemorySectionType.Instructions)
+        context.new_section(".text", MemorySectionType.Instructions)
     if context.section.type != MemorySectionType.Instructions:
-        raise ParseException("{} {} encountered in invalid context: {}".format(token, args, context))
+        raise ParseException(
-    ins = SimpleInstruction(token.value, args, context.context, context.current_address())
+            "{} {} encountered in invalid context: {}".format(token, args, context)
+        )
+    ins = SimpleInstruction(
+        token.value, args, context.context, context.current_address()
+    )
     context.section.data.append(ins)
 
 
 def parse_label(token: Token, args: Tuple[str], context: ParseContext):
     name = token.value[:-1]
-    if re.match(r'^\d+$', name):
+    if re.match(r"^\d+$", name):
         # relative label:
         context.context.numbered_labels[name].append(context.current_address())
     else:
         if name in context.context.labels:
-            print(FMT_PARSE + 'Warn: Symbol {} defined twice!'.format(name))
+            print(FMT_PARSE + "Warn: Symbol {} defined twice!".format(name))
         context.add_label(name, context.current_address(), is_relative=True)
 
 
 PARSERS: Dict[TokenType, Callable[[Token, Tuple[str], ParseContext], None]] = {
     TokenType.PSEUDO_OP: AssemblerDirectives.handle_instruction,
     TokenType.LABEL: parse_label,
-    TokenType.INSTRUCTION_NAME: parse_instruction
+    TokenType.INSTRUCTION_NAME: parse_instruction,
 }
 
 
@@ -58,7 +62,9 @@ def parse_tokens(name: str, tokens_iter: Iterable[Token]) -> Program:
     return context.finalize()
 
 
-def composite_tokenizer(tokens_iter: Iterable[Token]) -> Iterable[Tuple[Token, Tuple[str]]]:
+def composite_tokenizer(
+    tokens_iter: Iterable[Token],
+) -> Iterable[Tuple[Token, Tuple[str]]]:
     """
     Convert an iterator over tokens into an iterator over tuples: (token, list(token))
 
@@ -71,7 +77,11 @@ def composite_tokenizer(tokens_iter: Iterable[Token]) -> Iterable[Tuple[Token, T
 
     while not tokens.is_empty():
         token = next(tokens)
-        if token.type in (TokenType.PSEUDO_OP, TokenType.LABEL, TokenType.INSTRUCTION_NAME):
+        if token.type in (
+            TokenType.PSEUDO_OP,
+            TokenType.LABEL,
+            TokenType.INSTRUCTION_NAME,
+        ):
             yield token, tuple(take_arguments(tokens))
 
 
@@ -106,8 +116,9 @@ class AssemblyFileLoader(ProgramLoader):
 
     The AssemblyFileLoader loads .asm, .S and .s files by default, and acts as a weak fallback to all other filetypes.
     """
+
     def parse(self) -> Program:
-        with open(self.source_path, 'r') as f:
+        with open(self.source_path, "r") as f:
             return parse_tokens(self.filename, tokenize(f))
 
     def parse_io(self, io):
@@ -123,7 +134,7 @@ class AssemblyFileLoader(ProgramLoader):
         :return:
         """
         # gcc recognizes these line endings as assembly. So we will do too.
-        if source_path.split('.')[-1] in ('asm', 'S', 's'):
+        if source_path.split(".")[-1] in ("asm", "S", "s"):
             return 1
         return 0.01
 

riscemu/priv/CSR.py

@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ class CSR:
     """
     This holds all Control and Status Registers (CSR)
     """
+
     regs: Dict[int, UInt32]
     """
     All Control and Status Registers are stored here
@@ -52,7 +53,9 @@ class CSR:
             return self.virtual_regs[addr]()
         return self.regs[addr]
 
-    def set_listener(self, addr: Union[str, int], listener: Callable[[UInt32, UInt32], None]):
+    def set_listener(
+        self, addr: Union[str, int], listener: Callable[[UInt32, UInt32], None]
+    ):
         addr = self._name_to_addr(addr)
         if addr is None:
             print("unknown csr address name: {}".format(addr))
@@ -73,11 +76,11 @@ class CSR:
         """
         size = 2 if name in MSTATUS_LEN_2 else 1
         off = MSTATUS_OFFSETS[name]
-        mask = (2 ** size - 1) << off
+        mask = (2**size - 1) << off
-        old_val = self.get('mstatus')
+        old_val = self.get("mstatus")
         erased = old_val & (~mask)
         new_val = erased | (val << off)
-        self.set('mstatus', new_val)
+        self.set("mstatus", new_val)
 
     def get_mstatus(self, name) -> UInt32:
         if not self.mstatus_cache_dirty and name in self.mstatus_cache:
@@ -85,8 +88,8 @@ class CSR:
 
         size = 2 if name in MSTATUS_LEN_2 else 1
         off = MSTATUS_OFFSETS[name]
-        mask = (2 ** size - 1) << off
+        mask = (2**size - 1) << off
-        val = (self.get('mstatus') & mask) >> off
+        val = (self.get("mstatus") & mask) >> off
         if self.mstatus_cache_dirty:
             self.mstatus_cache = dict(name=val)
         else:

riscemu/priv/CSRConsts.py

@@ -1,80 +1,80 @@
 from typing import Dict, Tuple
 
-MCAUSE_TRANSLATION: Dict[Tuple[int, int], str]= {
+MCAUSE_TRANSLATION: Dict[Tuple[int, int], str] = {
-    (1, 0): 'User software interrupt',
+    (1, 0): "User software interrupt",
-    (1, 1): 'Supervisor software interrupt',
+    (1, 1): "Supervisor software interrupt",
-    (1, 3): 'Machine software interrupt',
+    (1, 3): "Machine software interrupt",
-    (1, 4): 'User timer interrupt',
+    (1, 4): "User timer interrupt",
-    (1, 5): 'Supervisor timer interrupt',
+    (1, 5): "Supervisor timer interrupt",
-    (1, 7): 'Machine timer interrupt',
+    (1, 7): "Machine timer interrupt",
-    (1, 8): 'User external interrupt',
+    (1, 8): "User external interrupt",
-    (1, 9): 'Supervisor external interrupt',
+    (1, 9): "Supervisor external interrupt",
-    (1, 11): 'Machine external interrupt',
+    (1, 11): "Machine external interrupt",
-    (0, 0): 'Instruction address misaligned',
+    (0, 0): "Instruction address misaligned",
-    (0, 1): 'Instruction access fault',
+    (0, 1): "Instruction access fault",
-    (0, 2): 'Illegal instruction',
+    (0, 2): "Illegal instruction",
-    (0, 3): 'Breakpoint',
+    (0, 3): "Breakpoint",
-    (0, 4): 'Load address misaligned',
+    (0, 4): "Load address misaligned",
-    (0, 5): 'Load access fault',
+    (0, 5): "Load access fault",
-    (0, 6): 'Store/AMO address misaligned',
+    (0, 6): "Store/AMO address misaligned",
-    (0, 7): 'Store/AMO access fault',
+    (0, 7): "Store/AMO access fault",
-    (0, 8): 'environment call from user mode',
+    (0, 8): "environment call from user mode",
-    (0, 9): 'environment call from supervisor mode',
+    (0, 9): "environment call from supervisor mode",
-    (0, 11): 'environment call from machine mode',
+    (0, 11): "environment call from machine mode",
-    (0, 12): 'Instruction page fault',
+    (0, 12): "Instruction page fault",
-    (0, 13): 'Load page fault',
+    (0, 13): "Load page fault",
-    (0, 15): 'Store/AMO page fault',
+    (0, 15): "Store/AMO page fault",
 }
 """
 Assigns tuple (interrupt bit, exception code) to their respective readable names
 """
 
 MSTATUS_OFFSETS: Dict[str, int] = {
-    'uie': 0,
+    "uie": 0,
-    'sie': 1,
+    "sie": 1,
-    'mie': 3,
+    "mie": 3,
-    'upie': 4,
+    "upie": 4,
-    'spie': 5,
+    "spie": 5,
-    'mpie': 7,
+    "mpie": 7,
-    'spp': 8,
+    "spp": 8,
-    'mpp': 11,
+    "mpp": 11,
-    'fs': 13,
+    "fs": 13,
-    'xs': 15,
+    "xs": 15,
-    'mpriv': 17,
+    "mpriv": 17,
-    'sum': 18,
+    "sum": 18,
-    'mxr': 19,
+    "mxr": 19,
-    'tvm': 20,
+    "tvm": 20,
-    'tw': 21,
+    "tw": 21,
-    'tsr': 22,
+    "tsr": 22,
-    'sd': 31
+    "sd": 31,
 }
 """
 Offsets for all mstatus bits
 """
 
-MSTATUS_LEN_2 = ('mpp', 'fs', 'xs')
+MSTATUS_LEN_2 = ("mpp", "fs", "xs")
 """
 All mstatus parts that have length 2. All other mstatus parts have length 1
 """
 
 CSR_NAME_TO_ADDR: Dict[str, int] = {
-    'mstatus': 0x300,
+    "mstatus": 0x300,
-    'misa': 0x301,
+    "misa": 0x301,
-    'mie': 0x304,
+    "mie": 0x304,
-    'mtvec': 0x305,
+    "mtvec": 0x305,
-    'mepc': 0x341,
+    "mepc": 0x341,
-    'mcause': 0x342,
+    "mcause": 0x342,
-    'mtval': 0x343,
+    "mtval": 0x343,
-    'mip': 0x344,
+    "mip": 0x344,
-    'mvendorid': 0xF11,
+    "mvendorid": 0xF11,
-    'marchid': 0xF12,
+    "marchid": 0xF12,
-    'mimpid': 0xF13,
+    "mimpid": 0xF13,
-    'mhartid': 0xF14,
+    "mhartid": 0xF14,
-    'time': 0xc01,
+    "time": 0xC01,
-    'timeh': 0xc81,
+    "timeh": 0xC81,
-    'halt': 0x789,
+    "halt": 0x789,
-    'mtimecmp': 0x780,
+    "mtimecmp": 0x780,
-    'mtimecmph': 0x781,
+    "mtimecmph": 0x781,
 }
 """
 Translation for named registers

riscemu/priv/ElfLoader.py

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ if typing.TYPE_CHECKING:
     from elftools.elf.elffile import ELFFile
     from elftools.elf.sections import Section, SymbolTableSection
 
-INCLUDE_SEC = ('.text', '.stack', '.bss', '.sdata', '.sbss')
+INCLUDE_SEC = (".text", ".stack", ".bss", ".sdata", ".sbss")
 
 
 class ElfBinaryFileLoader(ProgramLoader):
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ class ElfBinaryFileLoader(ProgramLoader):
 
     This loader respects local and global symbols.
     """
+
     program: Program
 
     def __init__(self, source_path: str, options: T_ParserOpts):
@@ -28,8 +29,8 @@ class ElfBinaryFileLoader(ProgramLoader):
 
     @classmethod
     def can_parse(cls, source_path: str) -> float:
-        with open(source_path, 'rb') as f:
+        with open(source_path, "rb") as f:
-            if f.read(4) == b'\x7f\x45\x4c\x46':
+            if f.read(4) == b"\x7f\x45\x4c\x46":
                 return 1
         return 0
 
@@ -42,23 +43,33 @@ class ElfBinaryFileLoader(ProgramLoader):
             from elftools.elf.elffile import ELFFile
             from elftools.elf.sections import Section, SymbolTableSection
 
-            with open(self.source_path, 'rb') as f:
+            with open(self.source_path, "rb") as f:
-                print(FMT_ELF + "[ElfLoader] Loading elf executable from: {}".format(self.source_path) + FMT_NONE)
+                print(
+                    FMT_ELF
+                    + "[ElfLoader] Loading elf executable from: {}".format(
+                        self.source_path
+                    )
+                    + FMT_NONE
+                )
                 self._read_elf(ELFFile(f))
         except ImportError as e:
-            print(FMT_PARSE + "[ElfLoader] Cannot load elf files without PyElfTools package! You can install them "
+            print(
-                              "using pip install pyelftools!" + FMT_NONE)
+                FMT_PARSE
+                + "[ElfLoader] Cannot load elf files without PyElfTools package! You can install them "
+                "using pip install pyelftools!" + FMT_NONE
+            )
             raise e
 
         return self.program
 
-    def _read_elf(self, elf: 'ELFFile'):
+    def _read_elf(self, elf: "ELFFile"):
-        if not elf.header.e_machine == 'EM_RISCV':
+        if not elf.header.e_machine == "EM_RISCV":
             raise InvalidElfException("Not a RISC-V elf file!")
-        if not elf.header.e_ident.EI_CLASS == 'ELFCLASS32':
+        if not elf.header.e_ident.EI_CLASS == "ELFCLASS32":
             raise InvalidElfException("Only 32bit executables are supported!")
 
         from elftools.elf.sections import SymbolTableSection
+
         for sec in elf.iter_sections():
             if isinstance(sec, SymbolTableSection):
                 self._parse_symtab(sec)
@@ -69,18 +80,22 @@ class ElfBinaryFileLoader(ProgramLoader):
 
             self._add_sec(self._lms_from_elf_sec(sec, self.filename))
 
-    def _lms_from_elf_sec(self, sec: 'Section', owner: str):
+    def _lms_from_elf_sec(self, sec: "Section", owner: str):
-        is_code = sec.name in ('.text',)
+        is_code = sec.name in (".text",)
         data = bytearray(sec.data())
         if len(data) < sec.data_size:
             data += bytearray(len(data) - sec.data_size)
         flags = MemoryFlags(is_code, is_code)
-        print(FMT_ELF + "[ElfLoader] Section {} at: {:X}".format(sec.name, sec.header.sh_addr) + FMT_NONE)
+        print(
+            FMT_ELF
+            + "[ElfLoader] Section {} at: {:X}".format(sec.name, sec.header.sh_addr)
+            + FMT_NONE
+        )
         return ElfMemorySection(
             data, sec.name, self.program.context, owner, sec.header.sh_addr, flags
         )
 
-    def _parse_symtab(self, symtab: 'SymbolTableSection'):
+    def _parse_symtab(self, symtab: "SymbolTableSection"):
         from elftools.elf.enums import ENUM_ST_VISIBILITY
 
         for sym in symtab.iter_symbols():
@@ -88,18 +103,26 @@ class ElfBinaryFileLoader(ProgramLoader):
                 continue
             self.program.context.labels[sym.name] = sym.entry.st_value
             # check if it has st_visibility bit set
-            if sym.entry.st_info.bind == 'STB_GLOBAL':
+            if sym.entry.st_info.bind == "STB_GLOBAL":
                 self.program.global_labels.add(sym.name)
-                print(FMT_PARSE + "LOADED GLOBAL SYMBOL {}: {}".format(sym.name, sym.entry.st_value) + FMT_NONE)
+                print(
+                    FMT_PARSE
+                    + "LOADED GLOBAL SYMBOL {}: {}".format(sym.name, sym.entry.st_value)
+                    + FMT_NONE
+                )
 
-    def _add_sec(self, new_sec: 'ElfMemorySection'):
+    def _add_sec(self, new_sec: "ElfMemorySection"):
         for sec in self.program.sections:
             if sec.base < sec.end <= new_sec.base or sec.end > sec.base >= new_sec.end:
                 continue
             else:
-                print(FMT_ELF + "[ElfLoader] Invalid elf layout: Two sections overlap: \n\t{}\n\t{}".format(
+                print(
-                    sec, new_sec
+                    FMT_ELF
-                ) + FMT_NONE)
+                    + "[ElfLoader] Invalid elf layout: Two sections overlap: \n\t{}\n\t{}".format(
+                        sec, new_sec
+                    )
+                    + FMT_NONE
+                )
                 raise RuntimeError("Cannot load elf with overlapping sections!")
 
         self.program.add_section(new_sec)

riscemu/priv/Exceptions.py

@@ -45,7 +45,9 @@ class CpuTrap(BaseException):
     The privilege level this trap targets
     """
 
-    def __init__(self, code: int, mtval, type: CpuTrapType, priv: PrivModes = PrivModes.MACHINE):
+    def __init__(
+        self, code: int, mtval, type: CpuTrapType, priv: PrivModes = PrivModes.MACHINE
+    ):
         self.interrupt = 0 if type == CpuTrapType.EXCEPTION else 1
         self.code = code
         self.mtval = UInt32(mtval)
@@ -63,7 +65,9 @@ class CpuTrap(BaseException):
         name = "Reserved interrupt({}, {})".format(self.interrupt, self.code)
 
         if (self.interrupt, self.code) in MCAUSE_TRANSLATION:
-            name = MCAUSE_TRANSLATION[(self.interrupt, self.code)] + "({}, {})".format(self.interrupt, self.code)
+            name = MCAUSE_TRANSLATION[(self.interrupt, self.code)] + "({}, {})".format(
+                self.interrupt, self.code
+            )
 
         return "{} {{priv={}, type={}, mtval={:x}}} {}".format(
             name, self.priv.name, self.type.name, self.mtval, self.message()
@@ -74,7 +78,7 @@ class CpuTrap(BaseException):
 
 
 class IllegalInstructionTrap(CpuTrap):
-    def __init__(self, ins: 'ElfInstruction'):
+    def __init__(self, ins: "ElfInstruction"):
         super().__init__(2, ins.encoded, CpuTrapType.EXCEPTION)
 
 
@@ -104,7 +108,9 @@ class InvalidElfException(RiscemuBaseException):
         self.msg = msg
 
     def message(self):
-        return FMT_PARSE + "{}(\"{}\")".format(self.__class__.__name__, self.msg) + FMT_NONE
+        return (
+            FMT_PARSE + '{}("{}")'.format(self.__class__.__name__, self.msg) + FMT_NONE
+        )
 
 
 class LoadAccessFault(CpuTrap):
@@ -117,8 +123,5 @@ class LoadAccessFault(CpuTrap):
 
     def message(self):
         return "(During {} at 0x{:08x} of size {}: {})".format(
-            self.op,
+            self.op, self.addr, self.size, self.msg
-            self.addr,
-            self.size,
-            self.msg
         )

riscemu/priv/ImageLoader.py

@@ -14,10 +14,9 @@ from ..types import MemoryFlags, ProgramLoader, Program, T_ParserOpts
 
 
 class MemoryImageLoader(ProgramLoader):
-
     @classmethod
     def can_parse(cls, source_path: str) -> float:
-        if source_path.split('.')[-1] == 'img':
+        if source_path.split(".")[-1] == "img":
             return 1
         return 0
 
@@ -26,14 +25,14 @@ class MemoryImageLoader(ProgramLoader):
         return argv, {}
 
     def parse(self) -> Iterable[Program]:
-        if 'debug' not in self.options:
+        if "debug" not in self.options:
             yield self.parse_no_debug()
             return
 
-        with open(self.options.get('debug'), 'r') as debug_file:
+        with open(self.options.get("debug"), "r") as debug_file:
             debug_info = MemoryImageDebugInfos.load(debug_file.read())
 
-        with open(self.source_path, 'rb') as source_file:
+        with open(self.source_path, "rb") as source_file:
             data: bytearray = bytearray(source_file.read())
 
         for name, sections in debug_info.sections.items():
@@ -43,11 +42,15 @@ class MemoryImageLoader(ProgramLoader):
                 if program.base is None:
                     program.base = start
 
-                #in_code_sec = get_section_base_name(sec_name) in INSTRUCTION_SECTION_NAMES
+                # in_code_sec = get_section_base_name(sec_name) in INSTRUCTION_SECTION_NAMES
                 program.add_section(
                     ElfMemorySection(
-                        data[start:start+size], sec_name, program.context,
+                        data[start : start + size],
-                        name, start, MemoryFlags(False, True)
+                        sec_name,
+                        program.context,
+                        name,
+                        start,
+                        MemoryFlags(False, True),
                     )
                 )
 
@@ -57,19 +60,27 @@ class MemoryImageLoader(ProgramLoader):
             yield program
 
     def parse_no_debug(self) -> Program:
-        print(FMT_PARSE + "[MemoryImageLoader] Warning: loading memory image without debug information!" + FMT_NONE)
+        print(
+            FMT_PARSE
+            + "[MemoryImageLoader] Warning: loading memory image without debug information!"
+            + FMT_NONE
+        )
 
-        with open(self.source_path, 'rb') as source_file:
+        with open(self.source_path, "rb") as source_file:
             data: bytes = source_file.read()
 
         p = Program(self.filename)
-        p.add_section(ElfMemorySection(
+        p.add_section(
-            bytearray(data), '.text', p.context, p.name, 0, MemoryFlags(False, True)
+            ElfMemorySection(
-        ))
+                bytearray(data), ".text", p.context, p.name, 0, MemoryFlags(False, True)
+            )
+        )
         return p
 
     @classmethod
-    def instantiate(cls, source_path: str, options: T_ParserOpts) -> 'ProgramLoader':
+    def instantiate(cls, source_path: str, options: T_ParserOpts) -> "ProgramLoader":
-        if os.path.isfile(source_path + '.dbg'):
+        if os.path.isfile(source_path + ".dbg"):
-            return MemoryImageLoader(source_path, dict(**options, debug=source_path + '.dbg'))
+            return MemoryImageLoader(
+                source_path, dict(**options, debug=source_path + ".dbg")
+            )
         return MemoryImageLoader(source_path, options)

riscemu/priv/PrivCPU.py

@@ -87,7 +87,11 @@ class PrivCPU(CPU):
 
         if self.halted:
             print()
-            print(FMT_CPU + "[CPU] System halted with code {}".format(self.exit_code) + FMT_NONE)
+            print(
+                FMT_CPU
+                + "[CPU] System halted with code {}".format(self.exit_code)
+                + FMT_NONE
+            )
             sys.exit(self.exit_code)
 
         elif launch_debug:
@@ -96,55 +100,68 @@ class PrivCPU(CPU):
                 self.run(verbose)
         else:
             print()
-            print(FMT_CPU + "[CPU] System stopped without halting - perhaps you stopped the debugger?" + FMT_NONE)
+            print(
+                FMT_CPU
+                + "[CPU] System stopped without halting - perhaps you stopped the debugger?"
+                + FMT_NONE
+            )
 
     def launch(self, program: Optional[Program] = None, verbose: bool = False):
-        print(FMT_CPU + '[CPU] Started running from 0x{:08X} ({})'.format(self.pc, "kernel") + FMT_NONE)
+        print(
+            FMT_CPU
+            + "[CPU] Started running from 0x{:08X} ({})".format(self.pc, "kernel")
+            + FMT_NONE
+        )
         self._time_start = time.perf_counter_ns() // self.TIME_RESOLUTION_NS
 
         self.run(self.conf.verbosity > 1 or verbose)
 
     def load_program(self, program: Program):
-        if program.name == 'kernel':
+        if program.name == "kernel":
             self.pc = program.entrypoint
         super().load_program(program)
 
     def _init_csr(self):
         # set up CSR
         self.csr = CSR()
-        self.csr.set('mhartid', UInt32(0))  # core id
+        self.csr.set("mhartid", UInt32(0))  # core id
         # TODO: set correct value
-        self.csr.set('mimpid', UInt32(0))  # implementation id
+        self.csr.set("mimpid", UInt32(0))  # implementation id
         # set mxl to 1 (32 bit) and set bits for i and m isa
-        self.csr.set('misa', UInt32((1 << 30) + (1 << 8) + (1 << 12)))  # available ISA
+        self.csr.set("misa", UInt32((1 << 30) + (1 << 8) + (1 << 12)))  # available ISA
 
         # CSR write callbacks:
 
-        @self.csr.callback('halt')
+        @self.csr.callback("halt")
         def halt(old: UInt32, new: UInt32):
             if new != 0:
                 self.halted = True
                 self.exit_code = new.value
 
-        @self.csr.callback('mtimecmp')
+        @self.csr.callback("mtimecmp")
         def mtimecmp(old: UInt32, new: UInt32):
-            self._time_timecmp = (self.csr.get('mtimecmph') << 32) + new
+            self._time_timecmp = (self.csr.get("mtimecmph") << 32) + new
             self._time_interrupt_enabled = True
 
-        @self.csr.callback('mtimecmph')
+        @self.csr.callback("mtimecmph")
         def mtimecmph(old: UInt32, new: UInt32):
-            self._time_timecmp = (new << 32) + self.csr.get('mtimecmp')
+            self._time_timecmp = (new << 32) + self.csr.get("mtimecmp")
             self._time_interrupt_enabled = True
 
         # virtual CSR registers:
 
-        @self.csr.virtual_register('time')
+        @self.csr.virtual_register("time")
         def get_time():
-            return UInt32(time.perf_counter_ns() // self.TIME_RESOLUTION_NS - self._time_start)
+            return UInt32(
+                time.perf_counter_ns() // self.TIME_RESOLUTION_NS - self._time_start
+            )
 
-        @self.csr.virtual_register('timeh')
+        @self.csr.virtual_register("timeh")
         def get_timeh():
-            return UInt32((time.perf_counter_ns() // self.TIME_RESOLUTION_NS - self._time_start) >> 32)
+            return UInt32(
+                (time.perf_counter_ns() // self.TIME_RESOLUTION_NS - self._time_start)
+                >> 32
+            )
 
         # add minstret and mcycle counters
 
@@ -160,17 +177,21 @@ class PrivCPU(CPU):
             self._check_interrupt()
             ins = self.mmu.read_ins(self.pc)
             if verbose and (self.mode == PrivModes.USER or self.conf.verbosity > 4):
-                print(FMT_CPU + "   Running 0x{:08X}:{} {}".format(self.pc, FMT_NONE, ins))
+                print(
+                    FMT_CPU + "   Running 0x{:08X}:{} {}".format(self.pc, FMT_NONE, ins)
+                )
             self.run_instruction(ins)
             self.pc += self.INS_XLEN
         except CpuTrap as trap:
             self._handle_trap(trap)
             if trap.interrupt == 0 and not isinstance(trap, EcallTrap):
-                print(FMT_CPU + "[CPU] Trap {} encountered at {} (0x{:x})".format(
+                print(
-                    trap,
+                    FMT_CPU
-                    self.mmu.translate_address(self.pc),
+                    + "[CPU] Trap {} encountered at {} (0x{:x})".format(
-                    self.pc
+                        trap, self.mmu.translate_address(self.pc), self.pc
-                ) + FMT_NONE)
+                    )
+                    + FMT_NONE
+                )
                 breakpoint()
                 if self.conf.debug_on_exception:
                     raise LaunchDebuggerException()
@@ -179,12 +200,15 @@ class PrivCPU(CPU):
     def _timer_step(self):
         if not self._time_interrupt_enabled:
             return
-        if self._time_timecmp <= (time.perf_counter_ns() // self.TIME_RESOLUTION_NS) - self._time_start:
+        if (
+            self._time_timecmp
+            <= (time.perf_counter_ns() // self.TIME_RESOLUTION_NS) - self._time_start
+        ):
             self.pending_traps.append(TimerInterrupt())
             self._time_interrupt_enabled = False
 
     def _check_interrupt(self):
-        if not (len(self.pending_traps) > 0 and self.csr.get_mstatus('mie')):
+        if not (len(self.pending_traps) > 0 and self.csr.get_mstatus("mie")):
             return
         # select best interrupt
         # FIXME: actually select based on the official ranking
@@ -194,24 +218,30 @@ class PrivCPU(CPU):
             self.regs.dump_reg_a()
 
         if trap.priv != PrivModes.MACHINE:
-            print(FMT_CPU + "[CPU] Trap not targeting machine mode encountered! - undefined behaviour!" + FMT_NONE)
+            print(
+                FMT_CPU
+                + "[CPU] Trap not targeting machine mode encountered! - undefined behaviour!"
+                + FMT_NONE
+            )
             raise Exception("Undefined behaviour!")
 
         if self.mode != PrivModes.USER:
             print(FMT_CPU + "[CPU] Trap triggered outside of user mode?!" + FMT_NONE)
 
-        self.csr.set_mstatus('mpie', self.csr.get_mstatus('mie'))
+        self.csr.set_mstatus("mpie", self.csr.get_mstatus("mie"))
-        self.csr.set_mstatus('mpp', self.mode.value)
+        self.csr.set_mstatus("mpp", self.mode.value)
-        self.csr.set_mstatus('mie', UInt32(0))
+        self.csr.set_mstatus("mie", UInt32(0))
-        self.csr.set('mcause', trap.mcause)
+        self.csr.set("mcause", trap.mcause)
-        self.csr.set('mepc', self.pc - self.INS_XLEN)
+        self.csr.set("mepc", self.pc - self.INS_XLEN)
-        self.csr.set('mtval', trap.mtval)
+        self.csr.set("mtval", trap.mtval)
         self.mode = trap.priv
-        mtvec = self.csr.get('mtvec')
+        mtvec = self.csr.get("mtvec")
         if mtvec & 0b11 == 0:
             self.pc = mtvec.value
         if mtvec & 0b11 == 1:
-            self.pc = ((mtvec & 0b11111111111111111111111111111100) + (trap.code * 4)).value
+            self.pc = (
+                (mtvec & 0b11111111111111111111111111111100) + (trap.code * 4)
+            ).value
         self.record_perf_profile()
         if len(self._perf_counters) > 100:
             self.show_perf()
@@ -232,7 +262,10 @@ class PrivCPU(CPU):
             cycled = cycle
             timed = time_ns
             cps_list.append(cps)
-        print("    on average {:.0f} instructions/s".format(sum(cps_list) / len(cps_list)) + FMT_NONE)
+        print(
+            "    on average {:.0f} instructions/s".format(sum(cps_list) / len(cps_list))
+            + FMT_NONE
+        )
         self._perf_counters = list()
 
     def record_perf_profile(self):
@@ -240,6 +273,4 @@ class PrivCPU(CPU):
 
     @classmethod
     def get_loaders(cls) -> typing.Iterable[Type[ProgramLoader]]:
-        return [
+        return [AssemblyFileLoader, MemoryImageLoader, ElfBinaryFileLoader]
-            AssemblyFileLoader, MemoryImageLoader, ElfBinaryFileLoader
-        ]

riscemu/priv/PrivMMU.py

@@ -9,7 +9,6 @@ if typing.TYPE_CHECKING:
 
 
 class PrivMMU(MMU):
-
     def get_sec_containing(self, addr: T_AbsoluteAddress) -> MemorySection:
         # try to get an existing section
         existing_sec = super().get_sec_containing(addr)
@@ -18,7 +17,9 @@ class PrivMMU(MMU):
             return existing_sec
 
         # get section preceding empty space at addr
-        sec_before = next((sec for sec in reversed(self.sections) if sec.end < addr), None)
+        sec_before = next(
+            (sec for sec in reversed(self.sections) if sec.end < addr), None
+        )
         # get sec succeeding empty space at addr
         sec_after = next((sec for sec in self.sections if sec.base > addr), None)
 
@@ -31,7 +32,14 @@ class PrivMMU(MMU):
         # end at the start of the next section, or address + 0xFFFF (aligned to 16 byte boundary)
         end = min(next_sec_start, align_addr(addr + 0xFFFF, 16))
 
-        sec = ElfMemorySection(bytearray(end - start), '.empty', self.global_instruction_context(), '', start, MemoryFlags(False, True))
+        sec = ElfMemorySection(
+            bytearray(end - start),
+            ".empty",
+            self.global_instruction_context(),
+            "",
+            start,
+            MemoryFlags(False, True),
+        )
         self.sections.append(sec)
         self._update_state()
 

riscemu/priv/PrivRV32I.py

@@ -16,155 +16,159 @@ if typing.TYPE_CHECKING:
 
 
 class PrivRV32I(RV32I):
-    cpu: 'PrivCPU'
+    cpu: "PrivCPU"
     """
     This is an extension of RV32I, written for the PrivCPU class
     """
 
-    def instruction_csrrw(self, ins: 'Instruction'):
+    def instruction_csrrw(self, ins: "Instruction"):
         rd, rs, csr_addr = self.parse_crs_ins(ins)
         old_val = None
-        if rd != 'zero':
+        if rd != "zero":
             self.cpu.csr.assert_can_read(self.cpu.mode, csr_addr)
             old_val = self.cpu.csr.get(csr_addr)
-        if rs != 'zero':
+        if rs != "zero":
             new_val = self.regs.get(rs)
             self.cpu.csr.assert_can_write(self.cpu.mode, csr_addr)
             self.cpu.csr.set(csr_addr, new_val)
         if old_val is not None:
             self.regs.set(rd, old_val)
 
-    def instruction_csrrs(self, ins: 'Instruction'):
+    def instruction_csrrs(self, ins: "Instruction"):
         rd, rs, csr_addr = self.parse_crs_ins(ins)
-        if rs != 'zero':
+        if rs != "zero":
             # oh no, this should not happen!
             INS_NOT_IMPLEMENTED(ins)
-        if rd != 'zero':
+        if rd != "zero":
             self.cpu.csr.assert_can_read(self.cpu.mode, csr_addr)
             old_val = self.cpu.csr.get(csr_addr)
             self.regs.set(rd, old_val)
 
-    def instruction_csrrc(self, ins: 'Instruction'):
+    def instruction_csrrc(self, ins: "Instruction"):
         INS_NOT_IMPLEMENTED(ins)
 
-    def instruction_csrrsi(self, ins: 'Instruction'):
+    def instruction_csrrsi(self, ins: "Instruction"):
         INS_NOT_IMPLEMENTED(ins)
 
-    def instruction_csrrwi(self, ins: 'Instruction'):
+    def instruction_csrrwi(self, ins: "Instruction"):
         ASSERT_LEN(ins.args, 3)
         rd, imm, addr = ins.get_reg(0), ins.get_imm(1), ins.get_imm(2)
-        if rd != 'zero':
+        if rd != "zero":
             self.cpu.csr.assert_can_read(self.cpu.mode, addr)
             old_val = self.cpu.csr.get(addr)
             self.regs.set(rd, old_val)
         self.cpu.csr.assert_can_write(self.cpu.mode, addr)
         self.cpu.csr.set(addr, imm)
 
-    def instruction_csrrci(self, ins: 'Instruction'):
+    def instruction_csrrci(self, ins: "Instruction"):
         INS_NOT_IMPLEMENTED(ins)
 
-    def instruction_mret(self, ins: 'Instruction'):
+    def instruction_mret(self, ins: "Instruction"):
         if self.cpu.mode != PrivModes.MACHINE:
             print("MRET not inside machine level code!")
             raise IllegalInstructionTrap(ins)
         # retore mie
-        mpie = self.cpu.csr.get_mstatus('mpie')
+        mpie = self.cpu.csr.get_mstatus("mpie")
-        self.cpu.csr.set_mstatus('mie', mpie)
+        self.cpu.csr.set_mstatus("mie", mpie)
         # restore priv
-        mpp = self.cpu.csr.get_mstatus('mpp')
+        mpp = self.cpu.csr.get_mstatus("mpp")
         self.cpu.mode = PrivModes(mpp)
         # restore pc
-        mepc = self.cpu.csr.get('mepc')
+        mepc = self.cpu.csr.get("mepc")
         self.cpu.pc = (mepc - self.cpu.INS_XLEN).value
 
         if self.cpu.conf.verbosity > 0:
             sec = self.mmu.get_sec_containing(mepc.value)
             if sec is not None:
-                print(FMT_CPU + "[CPU] returning to mode {} in {} (0x{:x})".format(
+                print(
-                    PrivModes(mpp).name,
+                    FMT_CPU
-                    self.mmu.translate_address(mepc),
+                    + "[CPU] returning to mode {} in {} (0x{:x})".format(
-                    mepc
+                        PrivModes(mpp).name, self.mmu.translate_address(mepc), mepc
-                ) + FMT_NONE)
+                    )
+                    + FMT_NONE
+                )
                 if self.cpu.conf.verbosity > 1:
                     self.regs.dump_reg_a()
 
-    def instruction_uret(self, ins: 'Instruction'):
+    def instruction_uret(self, ins: "Instruction"):
         raise IllegalInstructionTrap(ins)
 
-    def instruction_sret(self, ins: 'Instruction'):
+    def instruction_sret(self, ins: "Instruction"):
         raise IllegalInstructionTrap(ins)
 
-    def instruction_scall(self, ins: 'Instruction'):
+    def instruction_scall(self, ins: "Instruction"):
         """
         Overwrite the scall from userspace RV32I
         """
         raise EcallTrap(self.cpu.mode)
 
-    def instruction_beq(self, ins: 'Instruction'):
+    def instruction_beq(self, ins: "Instruction"):
         rs1, rs2, dst = self.parse_rs_rs_imm(ins)
         if rs1 == rs2:
             self.pc += dst.value - 4
 
-    def instruction_bne(self, ins: 'Instruction'):
+    def instruction_bne(self, ins: "Instruction"):
         rs1, rs2, dst = self.parse_rs_rs_imm(ins)
         if rs1 != rs2:
             self.pc += dst.value - 4
 
-    def instruction_blt(self, ins: 'Instruction'):
+    def instruction_blt(self, ins: "Instruction"):
         rs1, rs2, dst = self.parse_rs_rs_imm(ins)
         if rs1 < rs2:
             self.pc += dst.value - 4
 
-    def instruction_bge(self, ins: 'Instruction'):
+    def instruction_bge(self, ins: "Instruction"):
         rs1, rs2, dst = self.parse_rs_rs_imm(ins)
         if rs1 >= rs2:
             self.pc += dst.value - 4
 
-    def instruction_bltu(self, ins: 'Instruction'):
+    def instruction_bltu(self, ins: "Instruction"):
         rs1, rs2, dst = self.parse_rs_rs_imm(ins, signed=False)
         if rs1 < rs2:
             self.pc += dst.value - 4
 
-    def instruction_bgeu(self, ins: 'Instruction'):
+    def instruction_bgeu(self, ins: "Instruction"):
         rs1, rs2, dst = self.parse_rs_rs_imm(ins, signed=False)
         if rs1 >= rs2:
             self.pc += dst.value - 4
 
     # technically deprecated
-    def instruction_j(self, ins: 'Instruction'):
+    def instruction_j(self, ins: "Instruction"):
         raise NotImplementedError("Should never be reached!")
 
-    def instruction_jal(self, ins: 'Instruction'):
+    def instruction_jal(self, ins: "Instruction"):
         ASSERT_LEN(ins.args, 2)
         reg = ins.get_reg(0)
         addr = ins.get_imm(1)
-        if reg == 'ra' and (
+        if reg == "ra" and (
-                (self.cpu.mode == PrivModes.USER and self.cpu.conf.verbosity > 1) or
+            (self.cpu.mode == PrivModes.USER and self.cpu.conf.verbosity > 1)
-                (self.cpu.conf.verbosity > 3)
+            or (self.cpu.conf.verbosity > 3)
         ):
-            print(FMT_CPU + 'Jumping from 0x{:x} to {} (0x{:x})'.format(
+            print(
-                self.pc,
+                FMT_CPU
-                self.mmu.translate_address(self.pc + addr),
+                + "Jumping from 0x{:x} to {} (0x{:x})".format(
-                self.pc + addr
+                    self.pc, self.mmu.translate_address(self.pc + addr), self.pc + addr
-            ) + FMT_NONE)
+                )
+                + FMT_NONE
+            )
             self.regs.dump_reg_a()
         self.regs.set(reg, Int32(self.pc))
         self.pc += addr - 4
 
-    def instruction_jalr(self, ins: 'Instruction'):
+    def instruction_jalr(self, ins: "Instruction"):
         ASSERT_LEN(ins.args, 3)
         rd, rs, imm = self.parse_rd_rs_imm(ins)
         self.regs.set(rd, Int32(self.pc))
         self.pc = rs.value + imm.value - 4
 
-    def instruction_sbreak(self, ins: 'Instruction'):
+    def instruction_sbreak(self, ins: "Instruction"):
         raise LaunchDebuggerException()
 
-    def parse_crs_ins(self, ins: 'Instruction'):
+    def parse_crs_ins(self, ins: "Instruction"):
         ASSERT_LEN(ins.args, 3)
         return ins.get_reg(0), ins.get_reg(1), ins.get_imm(2)
 
-    def parse_mem_ins(self, ins: 'Instruction') -> Tuple[str, int]:
+    def parse_mem_ins(self, ins: "Instruction") -> Tuple[str, int]:
         ASSERT_LEN(ins.args, 3)
         addr = self.get_reg_content(ins, 1) + ins.get_imm(2)
         reg = ins.get_reg(0)

riscemu/priv/__main__.py

@@ -4,27 +4,55 @@ from .PrivCPU import PrivCPU
 
 import sys
 
-if __name__ == '__main__':
+if __name__ == "__main__":
     import argparse
 
-    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description='RISC-V privileged architecture emulator', prog='riscemu')
+    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(
+        description="RISC-V privileged architecture emulator", prog="riscemu"
+    )
 
-    parser.add_argument('source', type=str,
+    parser.add_argument(
-                        help='Compiled RISC-V ELF file or memory image containing compiled RISC-V ELF files', nargs='+')
+        "source",
-    parser.add_argument('--debug-exceptions', help='Launch the interactive debugger when an exception is generated',
+        type=str,
-                        action='store_true')
+        help="Compiled RISC-V ELF file or memory image containing compiled RISC-V ELF files",
+        nargs="+",
+    )
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "--debug-exceptions",
+        help="Launch the interactive debugger when an exception is generated",
+        action="store_true",
+    )
 
-    parser.add_argument('-v', '--verbose', help="Verbosity level (can be used multiple times)", action='count',
+    parser.add_argument(
-                        default=0)
+        "-v",
+        "--verbose",
+        help="Verbosity level (can be used multiple times)",
+        action="count",
+        default=0,
+    )
 
-    parser.add_argument('--slowdown', help="Slow down the emulated CPU clock by a factor", type=float, default=1)
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "--slowdown",
+        help="Slow down the emulated CPU clock by a factor",
+        type=float,
+        default=1,
+    )
 
     args = parser.parse_args()
 
-    cpu = PrivCPU(RunConfig(verbosity=args.verbose, debug_on_exception=args.debug_exceptions, slowdown=args.slowdown))
+    cpu = PrivCPU(
+        RunConfig(
+            verbosity=args.verbose,
+            debug_on_exception=args.debug_exceptions,
+            slowdown=args.slowdown,
+        )
+    )
 
     for source_path in args.source:
-        loader = max((loader for loader in cpu.get_loaders()), key=lambda l: l.can_parse(source_path))
+        loader = max(
+            (loader for loader in cpu.get_loaders()),
+            key=lambda l: l.can_parse(source_path),
+        )
         argv, opts = loader.get_options(sys.argv)
         program = loader.instantiate(source_path, opts).parse()
         if isinstance(program, Program):

riscemu/priv/types.py

@@ -6,9 +6,19 @@ from typing import Tuple, Dict, Set
 
 from riscemu.colors import FMT_NONE, FMT_PARSE
 from riscemu.decoder import format_ins, RISCV_REGS, decode
-from riscemu.priv.Exceptions import InstructionAccessFault, InstructionAddressMisalignedTrap, LoadAccessFault
+from riscemu.priv.Exceptions import (
-from riscemu.types import Instruction, InstructionContext, T_RelativeAddress, MemoryFlags, T_AbsoluteAddress, \
+    InstructionAccessFault,
-    BinaryDataMemorySection
+    InstructionAddressMisalignedTrap,
+    LoadAccessFault,
+)
+from riscemu.types import (
+    Instruction,
+    InstructionContext,
+    T_RelativeAddress,
+    MemoryFlags,
+    T_AbsoluteAddress,
+    BinaryDataMemorySection,
+)
 
 
 @dataclass(frozen=True)
@@ -27,34 +37,45 @@ class ElfInstruction(Instruction):
         return RISCV_REGS[self.args[num]]
 
     def __repr__(self) -> str:
-        if self.name == 'jal' and self.args[0] == 0:
+        if self.name == "jal" and self.args[0] == 0:
             return "j       {}".format(self.args[1])
-        if self.name == 'addi' and self.args[2] == 0:
+        if self.name == "addi" and self.args[2] == 0:
             return "mv      {}, {}".format(self.get_reg(0), self.get_reg(1))
-        if self.name == 'addi' and self.args[1] == 0:
+        if self.name == "addi" and self.args[1] == 0:
             return "li      {}, {}".format(self.get_reg(0), self.args[2])
-        if self.name == 'ret' and len(self.args) == 0:
+        if self.name == "ret" and len(self.args) == 0:
             return "ret"
         return format_ins(self.encoded, self.name)
 
 
 class ElfMemorySection(BinaryDataMemorySection):
-    def __init__(self, data: bytearray, name: str, context: InstructionContext, owner: str, base: int,
+    def __init__(
-                 flags: MemoryFlags):
+        self,
+        data: bytearray,
+        name: str,
+        context: InstructionContext,
+        owner: str,
+        base: int,
+        flags: MemoryFlags,
+    ):
         super().__init__(data, name, context, owner, base=base, flags=flags)
         self.read_ins = lru_cache(maxsize=self.size // 4)(self.read_ins)
 
     def read_ins(self, offset):
         if not self.flags.executable:
-            print(FMT_PARSE + "Reading instruction from non-executable memory!" + FMT_NONE)
+            print(
+                FMT_PARSE + "Reading instruction from non-executable memory!" + FMT_NONE
+            )
             raise InstructionAccessFault(offset + self.base)
         if offset % 4 != 0:
             raise InstructionAddressMisalignedTrap(offset + self.base)
-        return ElfInstruction(*decode(self.data[offset:offset + 4]))
+        return ElfInstruction(*decode(self.data[offset : offset + 4]))
 
     def write(self, offset: T_RelativeAddress, size: int, data: bytearray):
         if self.flags.read_only:
-            raise LoadAccessFault('read-only section', offset + self.base, size, 'write')
+            raise LoadAccessFault(
+                "read-only section", offset + self.base, size, "write"
+            )
         self.read_ins.cache_clear()
         return super(ElfMemorySection, self).write(offset, size, data)
 
@@ -64,7 +85,7 @@ class ElfMemorySection(BinaryDataMemorySection):
 
 
 class MemoryImageDebugInfos:
-    VERSION = '1.0.0'
+    VERSION = "1.0.0"
     """
     Schema version
     """
@@ -89,12 +110,13 @@ class MemoryImageDebugInfos:
     This dictionary contains the list of all global symbols of a given program
     """
 
-    def __init__(self,
+    def __init__(
-                 sections: Dict[str, Dict[str, Tuple[int, int]]],
+        self,
-                 symbols: Dict[str, Dict[str, int]],
+        sections: Dict[str, Dict[str, Tuple[int, int]]],
-                 globals: Dict[str, Set[str]],
+        symbols: Dict[str, Dict[str, int]],
-                 base: int = 0
+        globals: Dict[str, Set[str]],
-                 ):
+        base: int = 0,
+    ):
         self.sections = sections
         self.symbols = symbols
         self.globals = globals
@@ -108,7 +130,9 @@ class MemoryImageDebugInfos:
                 return json.dumps(dict(obj), default=serialize)
             if isinstance(obj, (set, tuple)):
                 return json.dumps(list(obj), default=serialize)
-            return "<<unserializable {}>>".format(getattr(obj, '__qualname__', '{unknown}'))
+            return "<<unserializable {}>>".format(
+                getattr(obj, "__qualname__", "{unknown}")
+            )
 
         return json.dumps(
             dict(
@@ -116,22 +140,25 @@ class MemoryImageDebugInfos:
                 symbols=self.symbols,
                 globals=self.globals,
                 base=self.base,
-                VERSION=self.VERSION
+                VERSION=self.VERSION,
             ),
-            default=serialize
+            default=serialize,
         )
 
     @classmethod
-    def load(cls, serialized_str: str) -> 'MemoryImageDebugInfos':
+    def load(cls, serialized_str: str) -> "MemoryImageDebugInfos":
         json_obj: dict = json.loads(serialized_str)
 
-        if 'VERSION' not in json_obj:
+        if "VERSION" not in json_obj:
             raise RuntimeError("Unknown MemoryImageDebugInfo version!")
 
-        version: str = json_obj.pop('VERSION')
+        version: str = json_obj.pop("VERSION")
 
         # compare major version
-        if version != cls.VERSION and version.split('.')[0] != cls.VERSION.split('.')[0]:
+        if (
+            version != cls.VERSION
+            and version.split(".")[0] != cls.VERSION.split(".")[0]
+        ):
             raise RuntimeError(
                 "Unknown MemoryImageDebugInfo version! This emulator expects version {}, debug info version {}".format(
                     cls.VERSION, version
@@ -141,7 +168,7 @@ class MemoryImageDebugInfos:
         return MemoryImageDebugInfos(**json_obj)
 
     @classmethod
-    def builder(cls) -> 'MemoryImageDebugInfos':
+    def builder(cls) -> "MemoryImageDebugInfos":
         return MemoryImageDebugInfos(
             defaultdict(dict), defaultdict(dict), defaultdict(set)
         )

riscemu/registers.py

@@ -18,53 +18,110 @@ class Registers:
     """
 
     valid_regs = {
-        'zero', 'ra', 'sp', 'gp', 'tp', 's0', 'fp',
+        "zero",
-        't0', 't1', 't2', 't3', 't4', 't5', 't6',
+        "ra",
-        's1', 's2', 's3', 's4', 's5', 's6', 's7', 's8', 's9', 's10', 's11',
+        "sp",
-        'a0', 'a1', 'a2', 'a3', 'a4', 'a5', 'a6', 'a7',
+        "gp",
-        'ft0', 'ft1', 'ft2', 'ft3', 'ft4', 'ft5', 'ft6', 'ft7',
+        "tp",
-        'fs0', 'fs1', 'fs2', 'fs3', 'fs4', 'fs5', 'fs6', 'fs7', 'fs8', 'fs9', 'fs10', 'fs11',
+        "s0",
-        'fa0', 'fa1', 'fa2', 'fa3', 'fa4', 'fa5', 'fa6', 'fa7'
+        "fp",
+        "t0",
+        "t1",
+        "t2",
+        "t3",
+        "t4",
+        "t5",
+        "t6",
+        "s1",
+        "s2",
+        "s3",
+        "s4",
+        "s5",
+        "s6",
+        "s7",
+        "s8",
+        "s9",
+        "s10",
+        "s11",
+        "a0",
+        "a1",
+        "a2",
+        "a3",
+        "a4",
+        "a5",
+        "a6",
+        "a7",
+        "ft0",
+        "ft1",
+        "ft2",
+        "ft3",
+        "ft4",
+        "ft5",
+        "ft6",
+        "ft7",
+        "fs0",
+        "fs1",
+        "fs2",
+        "fs3",
+        "fs4",
+        "fs5",
+        "fs6",
+        "fs7",
+        "fs8",
+        "fs9",
+        "fs10",
+        "fs11",
+        "fa0",
+        "fa1",
+        "fa2",
+        "fa3",
+        "fa4",
+        "fa5",
+        "fa6",
+        "fa7",
     }
 
     def __init__(self, infinite_regs: bool = False):
         from .types import Int32
-        self.vals = defaultdict(lambda: Int32(0))
+
+        self.vals: defaultdict[str, Int32] = defaultdict(lambda: Int32(0))
         self.last_set = None
         self.last_read = None
         self.infinite_regs = infinite_regs
 
-    def dump(self, full=False):
+    def dump(self, full: bool = False):
         """
         Dump all registers to stdout
         :param full: If True, floating point registers are dumped too
         """
         named_regs = [self._reg_repr(reg) for reg in Registers.named_registers()]
 
-        lines = [[] for i in range(12)]
+        lines: list[list[str]] = [[] for _ in range(12)]
         if not full:
-            regs = [('a', 8), ('s', 12), ('t', 7)]
+            regs = [("a", 8), ("s", 12), ("t", 7)]
         else:
             regs = [
-                ('a', 8),
+                ("a", 8),
-                ('s', 12),
+                ("s", 12),
-                ('t', 7),
+                ("t", 7),
-                ('ft', 8),
+                ("ft", 8),
-                ('fa', 8),
+                ("fa", 8),
-                ('fs', 12),
+                ("fs", 12),
             ]
         for name, s in regs:
             for i in range(12):
                 if i >= s:
                     lines[i].append(" " * 15)
                 else:
-                    reg = '{}{}'.format(name, i)
+                    reg = "{}{}".format(name, i)
                     lines[i].append(self._reg_repr(reg))
 
-        print("Registers[{},{}](".format(
+        print(
-            FMT_ORANGE + FMT_UNDERLINE + 'read' + FMT_NONE,
+            "Registers[{},{}](".format(
-            FMT_ORANGE + FMT_BOLD + 'written' + FMT_NONE
+                FMT_ORANGE + FMT_UNDERLINE + "read" + FMT_NONE,
-        ))
+                FMT_ORANGE + FMT_BOLD + "written" + FMT_NONE,
+            )
+        )
         if not full:
             print("\t" + " ".join(named_regs[0:3]))
             print("\t" + " ".join(named_regs[3:]))
@@ -80,23 +137,26 @@ class Registers:
         """
         Dump the a registers
         """
-        print("Registers[a]:" + " ".join(self._reg_repr('a{}'.format(i)) for i in range(8)))
+        print(
+            "Registers[a]:"
+            + " ".join(self._reg_repr("a{}".format(i)) for i in range(8))
+        )
 
-    def _reg_repr(self, reg):
+    def _reg_repr(self, reg: str):
-        txt = '{:4}=0x{:08X}'.format(reg, self.get(reg, False))
+        txt = "{:4}=0x{:08X}".format(reg, self.get(reg, False))
-        if reg == 'fp':
+        if reg == "fp":
-            reg = 's0'
+            reg = "s0"
         if reg == self.last_set:
             return FMT_ORANGE + FMT_BOLD + txt + FMT_NONE
         if reg == self.last_read:
             return FMT_ORANGE + FMT_UNDERLINE + txt + FMT_NONE
-        if reg == 'zero':
+        if reg == "zero":
             return txt
         if self.get(reg, False) == 0 and reg not in Registers.named_registers():
             return FMT_GRAY + txt + FMT_NONE
         return txt
 
-    def set(self, reg, val: 'Int32', mark_set=True) -> bool:
+    def set(self, reg: str, val: "Int32", mark_set: bool = True) -> bool:
         """
         Set a register content to val
         :param reg: The register to set
@@ -106,17 +166,20 @@ class Registers:
         """
 
         from .types import Int32
+
         # remove after refactoring is complete
         if not isinstance(val, Int32):
-            raise RuntimeError("Setting register to non-Int32 value! Please refactor your code!")
+            raise RuntimeError(
+                "Setting register to non-Int32 value! Please refactor your code!"
+            )
 
-        if reg == 'zero':
+        if reg == "zero":
             return False
         # if reg not in Registers.all_registers():
         #    raise InvalidRegisterException(reg)
         # replace fp register with s1, as these are the same register
-        if reg == 'fp':
+        if reg == "fp":
-            reg = 's1'
+            reg = "s1"
         if mark_set:
             self.last_set = reg
 
@@ -126,7 +189,7 @@ class Registers:
         self.vals[reg] = val.unsigned()
         return True
 
-    def get(self, reg, mark_read=True) -> 'Int32':
+    def get(self, reg: str, mark_read: bool = True) -> "Int32":
         """
         Retuns the contents of register reg
         :param reg: The register name
@@ -135,8 +198,8 @@ class Registers:
         """
         # if reg not in Registers.all_registers():
         #    raise InvalidRegisterException(reg)
-        if reg == 'fp':
+        if reg == "fp":
-            reg = 's0'
+            reg = "s0"
 
         if not self.infinite_regs and reg not in self.valid_regs:
             raise RuntimeError("Invalid register: {}".format(reg))
@@ -151,13 +214,69 @@ class Registers:
         Return a list of all valid registers
         :return: The list
         """
-        return ['zero', 'ra', 'sp', 'gp', 'tp', 's0', 'fp',
+        return [
-                't0', 't1', 't2', 't3', 't4', 't5', 't6',
+            "zero",
-                's1', 's2', 's3', 's4', 's5', 's6', 's7', 's8', 's9', 's10', 's11',
+            "ra",
-                'a0', 'a1', 'a2', 'a3', 'a4', 'a5', 'a6', 'a7',
+            "sp",
-                'ft0', 'ft1', 'ft2', 'ft3', 'ft4', 'ft5', 'ft6', 'ft7',
+            "gp",
-                'fs0', 'fs1', 'fs2', 'fs3', 'fs4', 'fs5', 'fs6', 'fs7', 'fs8', 'fs9', 'fs10', 'fs11',
+            "tp",
-                'fa0', 'fa1', 'fa2', 'fa3', 'fa4', 'fa5', 'fa6', 'fa7']
+            "s0",
+            "fp",
+            "t0",
+            "t1",
+            "t2",
+            "t3",
+            "t4",
+            "t5",
+            "t6",
+            "s1",
+            "s2",
+            "s3",
+            "s4",
+            "s5",
+            "s6",
+            "s7",
+            "s8",
+            "s9",
+            "s10",
+            "s11",
+            "a0",
+            "a1",
+            "a2",
+            "a3",
+            "a4",
+            "a5",
+            "a6",
+            "a7",
+            "ft0",
+            "ft1",
+            "ft2",
+            "ft3",
+            "ft4",
+            "ft5",
+            "ft6",
+            "ft7",
+            "fs0",
+            "fs1",
+            "fs2",
+            "fs3",
+            "fs4",
+            "fs5",
+            "fs6",
+            "fs7",
+            "fs8",
+            "fs9",
+            "fs10",
+            "fs11",
+            "fa0",
+            "fa1",
+            "fa2",
+            "fa3",
+            "fa4",
+            "fa5",
+            "fa6",
+            "fa7",
+        ]
 
     @staticmethod
     def named_registers():
@@ -165,4 +284,4 @@ class Registers:
         Return all named registers
         :return: The list
         """
-        return ['zero', 'ra', 'sp', 'gp', 'tp', 'fp']
+        return ["zero", "ra", "sp", "gp", "tp", "fp"]

riscemu/syscall.py

@@ -6,18 +6,21 @@ SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
 
 import sys
 from dataclasses import dataclass
+from math import log2, ceil
 from typing import Dict, IO
 
+from .types import BinaryDataMemorySection, MemoryFlags
 from .colors import FMT_SYSCALL, FMT_NONE
 from .types import Int32, CPU
 from .types.exceptions import InvalidSyscallException
 
 SYSCALLS = {
-    63: 'read',
+    63: "read",
-    64: 'write',
+    64: "write",
-    93: 'exit',
+    93: "exit",
-    1024: 'open',
+    192: "mmap2",
-    1025: 'close',
+    1024: "open",
+    1025: "close",
 }
 """
 This dict contains a mapping for all available syscalls (code->name)
@@ -27,12 +30,24 @@ dictionary and implement a method with the same name on the SyscallInterface
 class.
 """
 
+ADDITIONAL_SYMBOLS = {
+    'MAP_PRIVATE': 1<<0,
+    'MAP_SHARED': 1<<1,
+    'MAP_ANON': 1<<2,
+    'MAP_ANONYMOUS': 1<<2,
+    'PROT_READ': 1<<0,
+    'PROT_WRITE': 1<<1,
+}
+"""
+A set of additional symbols that are used by various syscalls.
+"""
+
 OPEN_MODES = {
-    0: 'rb',
+    0: "rb",
-    1: 'wb',
+    1: "wb",
-    2: 'r+b',
+    2: "r+b",
-    3: 'x',
+    3: "x",
-    4: 'ab',
+    4: "ab",
 }
 """All available file open modes"""
 
@@ -42,6 +57,7 @@ class Syscall:
     """
     Represents a syscall
     """
+
     id: int
     """The syscall number (e.g. 64 - write)"""
     cpu: CPU
@@ -52,12 +68,10 @@ class Syscall:
         return SYSCALLS.get(self.id, "unknown")
 
     def __repr__(self):
-        return "Syscall(id={}, name={})".format(
+        return "Syscall(id={}, name={})".format(self.id, self.name)
-            self.id, self.name
-        )
 
-    def ret(self, code):
+    def ret(self, code: int | Int32):
-        self.cpu.regs.set('a0', Int32(code))
+        self.cpu.regs.set("a0", Int32(code))
 
 
 def get_syscall_symbols():
@@ -66,25 +80,24 @@ def get_syscall_symbols():
 
     :return: dictionary of all syscall symbols (SCALL_<name> -> id)
     """
-    return {
+    items: Dict[str, int] = {("SCALL_" + name.upper()): num for num, name in SYSCALLS.items()}
-        ('SCALL_' + name.upper()): num for num, name in SYSCALLS.items()
+
-    }
+    items.update(ADDITIONAL_SYMBOLS)
+
+    return items
 
 
 class SyscallInterface:
     """
     Handles syscalls
     """
+
     open_files: Dict[int, IO]
     next_open_handle: int
 
     def handle_syscall(self, scall: Syscall):
         self.next_open_handle = 3
-        self.open_files = {
+        self.open_files = {0: sys.stdin, 1: sys.stdout, 2: sys.stderr}
-            0: sys.stdin,
-            1: sys.stdout,
-            2: sys.stderr
-        }
 
         if getattr(self, scall.name):
             getattr(self, scall.name)(scall)
@@ -96,21 +109,25 @@ class SyscallInterface:
         read syscall (63): read from file no a0, into addr a1, at most a2 bytes
         on return a0 will be the number of read bytes or -1 if an error occured
         """
-        fileno = scall.cpu.regs.get('a0').unsigned_value
+        fileno = scall.cpu.regs.get("a0").unsigned_value
-        addr = scall.cpu.regs.get('a1').unsigned_value
+        addr = scall.cpu.regs.get("a1").unsigned_value
-        size = scall.cpu.regs.get('a2').unsigned_value
+        size = scall.cpu.regs.get("a2").unsigned_value
         if fileno not in self.open_files:
             scall.ret(-1)
             return
 
         chars = self.open_files[fileno].readline(size)
         try:
-            data = bytearray(chars, 'ascii')
+            data = bytearray(chars, "ascii")
             scall.cpu.mmu.write(addr, len(data), data)
             return scall.ret(len(data))
 
         except UnicodeEncodeError:
-            print(FMT_SYSCALL + '[Syscall] read: UnicodeError - invalid input "{}"'.format(chars) + FMT_NONE)
+            print(
+                FMT_SYSCALL
+                + '[Syscall] read: UnicodeError - invalid input "{}"'.format(chars)
+                + FMT_NONE
+            )
             return scall.ret(-1)
 
     def write(self, scall: Syscall):
@@ -118,19 +135,23 @@ class SyscallInterface:
         write syscall (64): write a2 bytes from addr a1 into fileno a0
         on return a0 will hold the number of bytes written or -1 if an error occured
         """
-        fileno = scall.cpu.regs.get('a0').unsigned_value
+        fileno = scall.cpu.regs.get("a0").unsigned_value
-        addr = scall.cpu.regs.get('a1').unsigned_value
+        addr = scall.cpu.regs.get("a1").unsigned_value
-        size = scall.cpu.regs.get('a2').unsigned_value
+        size = scall.cpu.regs.get("a2").unsigned_value
         if fileno not in self.open_files:
             return scall.ret(-1)
 
         data = scall.cpu.mmu.read(addr, size)
 
         if not isinstance(data, bytearray):
-            print(FMT_SYSCALL + '[Syscall] write: writing from .text region not supported.' + FMT_NONE)
+            print(
+                FMT_SYSCALL
+                + "[Syscall] write: writing from .text region not supported."
+                + FMT_NONE
+            )
             return scall.ret(-1)
 
-        self.open_files[fileno].write(data.decode('ascii'))
+        self.open_files[fileno].write(data.decode("ascii"))
         return scall.ret(size)
 
     def open(self, scall: Syscall):
@@ -149,19 +170,29 @@ class SyscallInterface:
         """
         # FIXME: this should be toggleable in a global setting or something
         if True:
-            print(FMT_SYSCALL + '[Syscall] open: opening files not supported without scall-fs flag!' + FMT_NONE)
+            print(
+                FMT_SYSCALL
+                + "[Syscall] open: opening files not supported without scall-fs flag!"
+                + FMT_NONE
+            )
             return scall.ret(-1)
 
-        mode = scall.cpu.regs.get('a0').unsigned_value
+        mode = scall.cpu.regs.get("a0").unsigned_value
-        addr = scall.cpu.regs.get('a1').unsigned_value
+        addr = scall.cpu.regs.get("a1").unsigned_value
-        size = scall.cpu.regs.get('a2').unsigned_value
+        size = scall.cpu.regs.get("a2").unsigned_value
 
-        mode_st = OPEN_MODES.get(mode, )
+        mode_st = OPEN_MODES.get(
+            mode,
+        )
         if mode_st == -1:
-            print(FMT_SYSCALL + '[Syscall] open: unknown opening mode {}!'.format(mode) + FMT_NONE)
+            print(
+                FMT_SYSCALL
+                + "[Syscall] open: unknown opening mode {}!".format(mode)
+                + FMT_NONE
+            )
             return scall.ret(-1)
 
-        path = scall.cpu.mmu.read(addr, size).decode('ascii')
+        path = scall.cpu.mmu.read(addr, size).decode("ascii")
 
         fileno = self.next_open_handle
         self.next_open_handle += 1
@@ -169,10 +200,18 @@ class SyscallInterface:
         try:
             self.open_files[fileno] = open(path, mode_st)
         except OSError as err:
-            print(FMT_SYSCALL + '[Syscall] open: encountered error during {}!'.format(err.strerror) + FMT_NONE)
+            print(
+                FMT_SYSCALL
+                + "[Syscall] open: encountered error during {}!".format(err.strerror)
+                + FMT_NONE
+            )
             return scall.ret(-1)
 
-        print(FMT_SYSCALL + '[Syscall] open: opened fd {} to {}!'.format(fileno, path) + FMT_NONE)
+        print(
+            FMT_SYSCALL
+            + "[Syscall] open: opened fd {} to {}!".format(fileno, path)
+            + FMT_NONE
+        )
         return scall.ret(fileno)
 
     def close(self, scall: Syscall):
@@ -181,13 +220,17 @@ class SyscallInterface:
 
         return -1 if an error was encountered, otherwise returns 0
         """
-        fileno = scall.cpu.regs.get('a0').unsigned_value
+        fileno = scall.cpu.regs.get("a0").unsigned_value
         if fileno not in self.open_files:
-            print(FMT_SYSCALL + '[Syscall] close: unknown fileno {}!'.format(fileno) + FMT_NONE)
+            print(
+                FMT_SYSCALL
+                + "[Syscall] close: unknown fileno {}!".format(fileno)
+                + FMT_NONE
+            )
             return scall.ret(-1)
 
         self.open_files[fileno].close()
-        print(FMT_SYSCALL + '[Syscall] close: closed fd {}!'.format(fileno) + FMT_NONE)
+        print(FMT_SYSCALL + "[Syscall] close: closed fd {}!".format(fileno) + FMT_NONE)
         del self.open_files[fileno]
         return scall.ret(0)
 
@@ -196,10 +239,55 @@ class SyscallInterface:
         Exit syscall. Exits the system with status code a0
         """
         scall.cpu.halted = True
-        scall.cpu.exit_code = scall.cpu.regs.get('a0').value
+        scall.cpu.exit_code = scall.cpu.regs.get("a0").value
 
-    def __repr__(self):
+    def mmap2(self, scall: Syscall):
-        return "{}(\n\tfiles={}\n)".format(
+        """
-            self.__class__.__name__,
+        mmap2 syscall:
-            self.open_files
+
+        void *mmap(void *addr, size_t length, int prot, int flags,
+                  int fd, off_t offset);
+
+        Only supported modes:
+        addr  = <any>
+        prot  = either PROT_READ or PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE
+        flags = MAP_PRIVATE | MAP_ANONYMOUS
+        fd    = <ignored>
+        off_t = <ignored>
+        """
+        addr = scall.cpu.regs.get('a0').unsigned_value
+        size = scall.cpu.regs.get('a1').unsigned_value
+        prot = scall.cpu.regs.get('a2').unsigned_value
+        flags = scall.cpu.regs.get('a3').unsigned_value
+
+        # error out if prot is not 1 or 3:
+        # 1 = PROT_READ
+        # 3 = PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE
+        if prot != 1 and prot != 3:
+            return scall.ret(-1)
+
+        # round size up to multiple of 4096
+        size = 4096 * ceil(size / 4096)
+        section = BinaryDataMemorySection(
+            bytearray(size),
+            '.data.runtime-allocated',
+            None,
+            'system',
+            base=addr,
+            flags=MemoryFlags(read_only=prot != 3, executable=False)
         )
+
+        # try to insert section
+        if scall.cpu.mmu.load_section(section, addr != 0):
+            return scall.ret(section.base)
+        # if that failed, and we tried to force an address,
+        # try again at any address
+        elif addr != 0:
+            section.base = 0
+            if scall.cpu.mmu.load_section(section):
+                return scall.ret(section.base)
+        # if that didn't work, return error
+        return scall.ret(-1)
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        return "{}(\n\tfiles={}\n)".format(self.__class__.__name__, self.open_files)

riscemu/tokenizer.py

@@ -12,9 +12,11 @@ from typing import List, Iterable
 from riscemu.decoder import RISCV_REGS
 from riscemu.types.exceptions import ParseException
 
-LINE_COMMENT_STARTERS = ('#', ';', '//')
+LINE_COMMENT_STARTERS = ("#", ";", "//")
-WHITESPACE_PATTERN = re.compile(r'\s+')
+WHITESPACE_PATTERN = re.compile(r"\s+")
-MEMORY_ADDRESS_PATTERN = re.compile(r'^(0[xX][A-f0-9]+|\d+|0b[0-1]+|[A-z0-9_-]+)\(([A-z]+[0-9]{0,2})\)$')
+MEMORY_ADDRESS_PATTERN = re.compile(
+    r"^(0[xX][A-f0-9]+|\d+|0b[0-1]+|[A-z0-9_-]+)\(([A-z]+[0-9]{0,2})\)$"
+)
 REGISTER_NAMES = RISCV_REGS
 
 
@@ -34,22 +36,22 @@ class Token:
 
     def __str__(self):
         if self.type == TokenType.NEWLINE:
-            return '\\n'
+            return "\\n"
         if self.type == TokenType.COMMA:
-            return ', '
+            return ", "
-        return '{}({})'.format(self.type.name[0:3], self.value)
+        return "{}({})".format(self.type.name[0:3], self.value)
 
 
-NEWLINE = Token(TokenType.NEWLINE, '\n')
+NEWLINE = Token(TokenType.NEWLINE, "\n")
-COMMA = Token(TokenType.COMMA, ',')
+COMMA = Token(TokenType.COMMA, ",")
 
 
 def tokenize(input: Iterable[str]) -> Iterable[Token]:
     for line in input:
         for line_comment_start in LINE_COMMENT_STARTERS:
             if line_comment_start in line:
-                line = line[:line.index(line_comment_start)]
+                line = line[: line.index(line_comment_start)]
-        line.strip(' \t\n')
+        line.strip(" \t\n")
         if not line:
             continue
 
@@ -64,9 +66,9 @@ def parse_line(parts: List[str]) -> Iterable[Token]:
         return ()
     first_token = parts[0]
 
-    if first_token[0] == '.':
+    if first_token[0] == ".":
         yield Token(TokenType.PSEUDO_OP, first_token)
-    elif first_token[-1] == ':':
+    elif first_token[-1] == ":":
         yield Token(TokenType.LABEL, first_token)
         yield from parse_line(parts[1:])
         return
@@ -74,14 +76,14 @@ def parse_line(parts: List[str]) -> Iterable[Token]:
         yield Token(TokenType.INSTRUCTION_NAME, first_token)
 
     for part in parts[1:]:
-        if part == ',':
+        if part == ",":
             yield COMMA
             continue
         yield from parse_arg(part)
 
 
 def parse_arg(arg: str) -> Iterable[Token]:
-    comma = arg[-1] == ','
+    comma = arg[-1] == ","
     arg = arg[:-1] if comma else arg
     mem_match_resul = re.match(MEMORY_ADDRESS_PATTERN, arg)
     if mem_match_resul:
@@ -98,7 +100,7 @@ def parse_arg(arg: str) -> Iterable[Token]:
 
 def print_tokens(tokens: Iterable[Token]):
     for token in tokens:
-        print(token, end='\n' if token == NEWLINE else '')
+        print(token, end="\n" if token == NEWLINE else "")
     print("", flush=True, end="")
 
 
@@ -123,7 +125,7 @@ def split_whitespace_respecting_quotes(line: str) -> Iterable[str]:
             part = ""
             continue
 
-        if c in ' \t\n':
+        if c in " \t\n":
             if part:
                 yield part
             part = ""

riscemu/types/__init__.py

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-from typing import Dict
+from typing import Dict, Any
 import re
 
 # define some base type aliases so we can keep track of absolute and relative addresses
@@ -6,9 +6,9 @@ T_RelativeAddress = int
 T_AbsoluteAddress = int
 
 # parser options are just dictionaries with arbitrary values
-T_ParserOpts = Dict[str, any]
+T_ParserOpts = Dict[str, Any]
 
-NUMBER_SYMBOL_PATTERN = re.compile(r'^\d+[fb]$')
+NUMBER_SYMBOL_PATTERN = re.compile(r"^\d+[fb]$")
 
 # base classes
 from .flags import MemoryFlags
@@ -24,6 +24,16 @@ from .instruction_memory_section import InstructionMemorySection
 from .binary_data_memory_section import BinaryDataMemorySection
 
 # exceptions
-from .exceptions import ParseException, NumberFormatException, MemoryAccessException, OutOfMemoryException, \
+from .exceptions import (
-    LinkerException, LaunchDebuggerException, RiscemuBaseException, InvalidRegisterException, \
+    ParseException,
-    InvalidAllocationException, InvalidSyscallException, UnimplementedInstruction
+    NumberFormatException,
+    MemoryAccessException,
+    OutOfMemoryException,
+    LinkerException,
+    LaunchDebuggerException,
+    RiscemuBaseException,
+    InvalidRegisterException,
+    InvalidAllocationException,
+    InvalidSyscallException,
+    UnimplementedInstruction,
+)

riscemu/types/binary_data_memory_section.py

@@ -1,29 +1,56 @@
-from . import MemorySection, InstructionContext, MemoryFlags, T_RelativeAddress, Instruction
+from typing import Optional
+from . import (
+    MemorySection,
+    InstructionContext,
+    MemoryFlags,
+    T_RelativeAddress,
+    Instruction,
+)
 from ..types.exceptions import MemoryAccessException
 
 
 class BinaryDataMemorySection(MemorySection):
-    def __init__(self, data: bytearray, name: str, context: InstructionContext, owner: str, base: int = 0, flags: MemoryFlags = None):
+    def __init__(
-        self.name = name
+        self,
-        self.base = base
+        data: bytearray,
-        self.context = context
+        name: str,
-        self.size = len(data)
+        context: InstructionContext,
-        self.flags = flags if flags is not None else MemoryFlags(False, False)
+        owner: str,
+        base: int = 0,
+        flags: Optional[MemoryFlags] = None,
+    ):
+        super().__init__(
+            name,
+            flags if flags is not None else MemoryFlags(False, False),
+            len(data),
+            base,
+            owner,
+            context,
+        )
         self.data = data
-        self.owner = owner
 
     def read(self, offset: T_RelativeAddress, size: int) -> bytearray:
         if offset + size > self.size:
-            raise MemoryAccessException("Out of bounds access in {}".format(self), offset, size, 'read')
+            raise MemoryAccessException(
-        return self.data[offset:offset + size]
+                "Out of bounds access in {}".format(self), offset, size, "read"
+            )
+        return self.data[offset : offset + size]
 
     def write(self, offset: T_RelativeAddress, size: int, data: bytearray):
         if offset + size > self.size:
-            raise MemoryAccessException("Out of bounds access in {}".format(self), offset, size, 'write')
+            raise MemoryAccessException(
+                "Out of bounds access in {}".format(self), offset, size, "write"
+            )
         if len(data[0:size]) != size:
-            raise MemoryAccessException("Invalid write parameter sizing", offset, size, 'write')
+            raise MemoryAccessException(
-        self.data[offset:offset + size] = data[0:size]
+                "Invalid write parameter sizing", offset, size, "write"
+            )
+        self.data[offset : offset + size] = data[0:size]
 
     def read_ins(self, offset: T_RelativeAddress) -> Instruction:
-        raise MemoryAccessException("Tried reading instruction on non-executable section {}".format(self),
+        raise MemoryAccessException(
-                                    offset, 4, 'instruction fetch')
+            "Tried reading instruction on non-executable section {}".format(self),
+            offset,
+            4,
+            "instruction fetch",
+        )

riscemu/types/cpu.py

@@ -1,12 +1,16 @@
 import typing
 from abc import ABC, abstractmethod
-from typing import List, Type, Callable, Set, Dict
+from typing import List, Type, Callable, Set, Dict, TYPE_CHECKING
 
 from ..registers import Registers
 from ..config import RunConfig
 from ..colors import FMT_RED, FMT_NONE, FMT_ERROR, FMT_CPU
 from . import T_AbsoluteAddress, Instruction, Program, ProgramLoader
 
+if typing.TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from ..MMU import MMU
+    from ..instructions import InstructionSet
+
 
 class CPU(ABC):
     # static cpu configuration
@@ -14,7 +18,7 @@ class CPU(ABC):
 
     # housekeeping variables
     regs: Registers
-    mmu: 'MMU'
+    mmu: "MMU"
     pc: T_AbsoluteAddress
     cycle: int
     halted: bool
@@ -24,12 +28,17 @@ class CPU(ABC):
 
     # instruction information
     instructions: Dict[str, Callable[[Instruction], None]]
-    instruction_sets: Set['InstructionSet']
+    instruction_sets: Set["InstructionSet"]
 
     # configuration
     conf: RunConfig
 
-    def __init__(self, mmu: 'MMU', instruction_sets: List[Type['InstructionSet']], conf: RunConfig):
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        mmu: "MMU",
+        instruction_sets: List[Type["InstructionSet"]],
+        conf: RunConfig,
+    ):
         self.mmu = mmu
         self.regs = Registers(conf.unlimited_registers)
         self.conf = conf
@@ -71,25 +80,31 @@ class CPU(ABC):
             self.pc,
             self.cycle,
             self.halted,
-            " ".join(s.name for s in self.instruction_sets)
+            " ".join(s.name for s in self.instruction_sets),
         )
 
     @abstractmethod
-    def step(self, verbose=False):
+    def step(self, verbose: bool = False):
         pass
 
     @abstractmethod
-    def run(self, verbose=False):
+    def run(self, verbose: bool = False):
         pass
 
     def launch(self, program: Program, verbose: bool = False):
         if program not in self.mmu.programs:
-            print(FMT_ERROR + '[CPU] Cannot launch program that\'s not loaded!' + FMT_NONE)
+            print(
+                FMT_ERROR + "[CPU] Cannot launch program that's not loaded!" + FMT_NONE
+            )
             return
         if self.conf.verbosity > 0:
-            print(FMT_CPU + "[CPU] Started running from {}".format(
+            print(
-                self.mmu.translate_address(program.entrypoint)
+                FMT_CPU
-            ) + FMT_NONE)
+                + "[CPU] Started running from {}".format(
+                    self.mmu.translate_address(program.entrypoint)
+                )
+                + FMT_NONE
+            )
             print(program)
         self.pc = program.entrypoint
         self.run(verbose)

riscemu/types/exceptions.py

@@ -14,63 +14,86 @@ if typing.TYPE_CHECKING:
 
 class RiscemuBaseException(BaseException):
     @abstractmethod
-    def message(self):
+    def message(self) -> str:
-        pass
+        raise NotImplemented
 
     def print_stacktrace(self):
         import traceback
+
         traceback.print_exception(type(self), self, self.__traceback__)
 
+
 # Parsing exceptions:
 
+
 class ParseException(RiscemuBaseException):
-    def __init__(self, msg, data=None):
+    def __init__(self, msg: str, data=None):
         super().__init__(msg, data)
         self.msg = msg
         self.data = data
 
     def message(self):
-        return FMT_PARSE + "{}(\"{}\", data={})".format(self.__class__.__name__, self.msg, self.data) + FMT_NONE
+        return (
+            FMT_PARSE
+            + '{}("{}", data={})'.format(self.__class__.__name__, self.msg, self.data)
+            + FMT_NONE
+        )
 
 
 def ASSERT_EQ(a1, a2):
     if a1 != a2:
-        raise ParseException("ASSERTION_FAILED: Expected elements to be equal!", (a1, a2))
+        raise ParseException(
+            "ASSERTION_FAILED: Expected elements to be equal!", (a1, a2)
+        )
 
 
 def ASSERT_LEN(a1, size):
     if len(a1) != size:
-        raise ParseException("ASSERTION_FAILED: Expected {} to be of length {}".format(a1, size), (a1, size))
+        raise ParseException(
+            "ASSERTION_FAILED: Expected {} to be of length {}".format(a1, size),
+            (a1, size),
+        )
 
 
 def ASSERT_NOT_NULL(a1):
     if a1 is None:
-        raise ParseException("ASSERTION_FAILED: Expected {} to be non null".format(a1), (a1,))
+        raise ParseException(
+            "ASSERTION_FAILED: Expected {} to be non null".format(a1), (a1,)
+        )
 
 
 def ASSERT_NOT_IN(a1, a2):
     if a1 in a2:
-        raise ParseException("ASSERTION_FAILED: Expected {} to not be in {}".format(a1, a2), (a1, a2))
+        raise ParseException(
+            "ASSERTION_FAILED: Expected {} to not be in {}".format(a1, a2), (a1, a2)
+        )
 
 
 def ASSERT_IN(a1, a2):
     if a1 not in a2:
-        raise ParseException("ASSERTION_FAILED: Expected {} to not be in {}".format(a1, a2), (a1, a2))
+        raise ParseException(
+            "ASSERTION_FAILED: Expected {} to not be in {}".format(a1, a2), (a1, a2)
+        )
 
 
 class LinkerException(RiscemuBaseException):
-    def __init__(self, msg, data):
+    def __init__(self, msg: str, data):
         self.msg = msg
         self.data = data
 
     def message(self):
-        return FMT_PARSE + "{}(\"{}\", data={})".format(self.__class__.__name__, self.msg, self.data) + FMT_NONE
+        return (
+            FMT_PARSE
+            + '{}("{}", data={})'.format(self.__class__.__name__, self.msg, self.data)
+            + FMT_NONE
+        )
 
 
 # MMU Exceptions
 
+
 class MemoryAccessException(RiscemuBaseException):
-    def __init__(self, msg, addr, size, op):
+    def __init__(self, msg: str, addr, size, op):
         super(MemoryAccessException, self).__init__()
         self.msg = msg
         self.addr = addr
@@ -78,13 +101,13 @@ class MemoryAccessException(RiscemuBaseException):
         self.op = op
 
     def message(self):
-        return FMT_MEM + "{}(During {} at 0x{:08x} of size {}: {})".format(
+        return (
-            self.__class__.__name__,
+            FMT_MEM
-            self.op,
+            + "{}(During {} at 0x{:08x} of size {}: {})".format(
-            self.addr,
+                self.__class__.__name__, self.op, self.addr, self.size, self.msg
-            self.size,
+            )
-            self.msg
+            + FMT_NONE
-        ) + FMT_NONE
+        )
 
 
 class OutOfMemoryException(RiscemuBaseException):
@@ -92,10 +115,13 @@ class OutOfMemoryException(RiscemuBaseException):
         self.action = action
 
     def message(self):
-        return FMT_MEM + '{}(Ran out of memory during {})'.format(
+        return (
-            self.__class__.__name__,
+            FMT_MEM
-            self.action
+            + "{}(Ran out of memory during {})".format(
-        ) + FMT_NONE
+                self.__class__.__name__, self.action
+            )
+            + FMT_NONE
+        )
 
 
 class InvalidAllocationException(RiscemuBaseException):
@@ -106,28 +132,29 @@ class InvalidAllocationException(RiscemuBaseException):
         self.flags = flags
 
     def message(self):
-        return FMT_MEM + '{}[{}](name={}, size={}, flags={})'.format(
+        return FMT_MEM + "{}[{}](name={}, size={}, flags={})".format(
-            self.__class__.__name__,
+            self.__class__.__name__, self.msg, self.name, self.size, self.flags
-            self.msg,
-            self.name,
-            self.size,
-            self.flags
         )
 
+
 # CPU Exceptions
 
 
 class UnimplementedInstruction(RiscemuBaseException):
-    def __init__(self, ins: 'Instruction', context = None):
+    def __init__(self, ins: "Instruction", context=None):
         self.ins = ins
         self.context = context
 
     def message(self):
-        return FMT_CPU + "{}({}{})".format(
+        return (
-            self.__class__.__name__,
+            FMT_CPU
-            repr(self.ins),
+            + "{}({}{})".format(
-            ', context={}'.format(self.context) if self.context is not None else ''
+                self.__class__.__name__,
-        ) + FMT_NONE
+                repr(self.ins),
+                ", context={}".format(self.context) if self.context is not None else "",
+            )
+            + FMT_NONE
+        )
 
 
 class InvalidRegisterException(RiscemuBaseException):
@@ -135,10 +162,11 @@ class InvalidRegisterException(RiscemuBaseException):
         self.reg = reg
 
     def message(self):
-        return FMT_CPU + "{}(Invalid register {})".format(
+        return (
-            self.__class__.__name__,
+            FMT_CPU
-            self.reg
+            + "{}(Invalid register {})".format(self.__class__.__name__, self.reg)
-        ) + FMT_NONE
+            + FMT_NONE
+        )
 
 
 class InvalidSyscallException(RiscemuBaseException):
@@ -146,10 +174,11 @@ class InvalidSyscallException(RiscemuBaseException):
         self.scall = scall
 
     def message(self):
-        return FMT_SYSCALL + "{}(Invalid syscall: {})".format(
+        return (
-            self.__class__.__name__,
+            FMT_SYSCALL
-            self.scall
+            + "{}(Invalid syscall: {})".format(self.__class__.__name__, self.scall)
-        ) + FMT_NONE
+            + FMT_NONE
+        )
 
 
 def INS_NOT_IMPLEMENTED(ins):
@@ -162,13 +191,10 @@ class NumberFormatException(RiscemuBaseException):
         self.msg = msg
 
     def message(self):
-        return "{}({})".format(
+        return "{}({})".format(self.__class__.__name__, self.msg)
-            self.__class__.__name__,
-            self.msg
-        )
 
 
 # this exception is not printed and simply signals that an interactive debugging session is
 class LaunchDebuggerException(RiscemuBaseException):
-    def message(self):
+    def message(self) -> str:
         return ""

riscemu/types/flags.py

@@ -8,6 +8,5 @@ class MemoryFlags:
 
     def __repr__(self):
         return "r{}{}".format(
-            '-' if self.read_only else 'w',
+            "-" if self.read_only else "w", "x" if self.executable else "-"
-            'x' if self.executable else '-'
         )

riscemu/types/instruction_context.py

@@ -33,21 +33,32 @@ class InstructionContext:
         self.base_address = 0
         self.global_symbol_dict = dict()
 
-    def resolve_label(self, symbol: str, address_at: Optional[T_RelativeAddress] = None) -> Optional[T_AbsoluteAddress]:
+    def resolve_label(
+        self, symbol: str, address_at: Optional[T_RelativeAddress] = None
+    ) -> Optional[T_AbsoluteAddress]:
         if NUMBER_SYMBOL_PATTERN.match(symbol):
             if address_at is None:
-                raise ParseException("Cannot resolve relative symbol {} without an address!".format(symbol))
+                raise ParseException(
+                    "Cannot resolve relative symbol {} without an address!".format(
+                        symbol
+                    )
+                )
 
             direction = symbol[-1]
             values = self.numbered_labels.get(symbol[:-1], [])
-            if direction == 'b':
+            if direction == "b":
-                return max((addr + self.base_address for addr in values if addr < address_at), default=None)
+                return max(
+                    (addr + self.base_address for addr in values if addr < address_at),
+                    default=None,
+                )
             else:
-                return min((addr + self.base_address for addr in values if addr > address_at), default=None)
+                return min(
+                    (addr + self.base_address for addr in values if addr > address_at),
+                    default=None,
+                )
         else:
             # if it's not a local symbol, try the globals
             if symbol not in self.labels:
                 return self.global_symbol_dict.get(symbol, None)
             # otherwise return the local symbol
             return self.labels.get(symbol, None)
-

riscemu/types/instruction_memory_section.py

@@ -1,11 +1,24 @@
 from typing import List
 
-from . import MemorySection, Instruction, InstructionContext, MemoryFlags, T_RelativeAddress
+from . import (
+    MemorySection,
+    Instruction,
+    InstructionContext,
+    MemoryFlags,
+    T_RelativeAddress,
+)
 from .exceptions import MemoryAccessException
 
 
 class InstructionMemorySection(MemorySection):
-    def __init__(self, instructions: List[Instruction], name: str, context: InstructionContext, owner: str, base: int = 0):
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        instructions: List[Instruction],
+        name: str,
+        context: InstructionContext,
+        owner: str,
+        base: int = 0,
+    ):
         self.name = name
         self.base = base
         self.context = context
@@ -15,13 +28,27 @@ class InstructionMemorySection(MemorySection):
         self.owner = owner
 
     def read(self, offset: T_RelativeAddress, size: int) -> bytearray:
-        raise MemoryAccessException("Cannot read raw bytes from instruction section", self.base + offset, size, 'read')
+        raise MemoryAccessException(
+            "Cannot read raw bytes from instruction section",
+            self.base + offset,
+            size,
+            "read",
+        )
 
     def write(self, offset: T_RelativeAddress, size: int, data: bytearray):
-        raise MemoryAccessException("Cannot write raw bytes to instruction section", self.base + offset, size, 'write')
+        raise MemoryAccessException(
+            "Cannot write raw bytes to instruction section",
+            self.base + offset,
+            size,
+            "write",
+        )
 
     def read_ins(self, offset: T_RelativeAddress) -> Instruction:
         if offset % 4 != 0:
-            raise MemoryAccessException("Unaligned instruction fetch!", self.base + offset, 4, 'instruction fetch')
+            raise MemoryAccessException(
+                "Unaligned instruction fetch!",
+                self.base + offset,
+                4,
+                "instruction fetch",
+            )
         return self.instructions[offset // 4]
-

riscemu/types/int32.py

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-from typing import Union
+from typing import Any, Union
 from ctypes import c_int32, c_uint32
 
 
@@ -11,13 +11,18 @@ class Int32:
     You can use it just like you would any other integer, just be careful when passing it
     to functions which actually expect an integer and not a Int32.
     """
+
     _type = c_int32
-    __slots__ = ('_val',)
+    __slots__ = ("_val",)
 
-    def __init__(self, val: Union[int, c_int32, c_uint32, 'Int32', bytes, bytearray] = 0):
+    def __init__(
+        self, val: Union[int, c_int32, c_uint32, "Int32", bytes, bytearray] = 0
+    ):
         if isinstance(val, (bytes, bytearray)):
             signed = len(val) == 4 and self._type == c_int32
-            self._val = self.__class__._type(int.from_bytes(val, 'little', signed=signed))
+            self._val = self.__class__._type(
+                int.from_bytes(val, "little", signed=signed)
+            )
         elif isinstance(val, self.__class__._type):
             self._val = val
         elif isinstance(val, (c_uint32, c_int32, Int32)):
@@ -26,67 +31,71 @@ class Int32:
             self._val = self.__class__._type(val)
         else:
             raise RuntimeError(
-                "Unknonw {} input type: {} ({})".format(self.__class__.__name__, type(val), val)
+                "Unknonw {} input type: {} ({})".format(
+                    self.__class__.__name__, type(val), val
+                )
             )
 
-    def __add__(self, other: Union['Int32', int]):
+    def __add__(self, other: Union["Int32", int]):
         if isinstance(other, Int32):
             other = other.value
 
         return self.__class__(self._val.value + other)
 
-    def __sub__(self, other: Union['Int32', int]):
+    def __sub__(self, other: Union["Int32", int]):
         if isinstance(other, Int32):
             other = other.value
         return self.__class__(self._val.value - other)
 
-    def __mul__(self, other: Union['Int32', int]):
+    def __mul__(self, other: Union["Int32", int]):
         if isinstance(other, Int32):
             other = other.value
         return self.__class__(self._val.value * other)
 
-    def __truediv__(self, other):
+    def __truediv__(self, other: Any):
         return self // other
 
-    def __floordiv__(self, other):
+    def __floordiv__(self, other: Any):
         if isinstance(other, Int32):
             other = other.value
         return self.__class__(self.value // other)
 
-    def __mod__(self, other: Union['Int32', int]):
+    def __mod__(self, other: Union["Int32", int]):
         if isinstance(other, Int32):
             other = other.value
         return self.__class__(self._val.value % other)
 
-    def __and__(self, other: Union['Int32', int]):
+    def __and__(self, other: Union["Int32", int]):
         if isinstance(other, Int32):
             other = other.value
         return self.__class__(self._val.value & other)
 
-    def __or__(self, other: Union['Int32', int]):
+    def __or__(self, other: Union["Int32", int]):
         if isinstance(other, Int32):
             other = other.value
         return self.__class__(self._val.value | other)
 
-    def __xor__(self, other: Union['Int32', int]):
+    def __xor__(self, other: Union["Int32", int]):
         if isinstance(other, Int32):
             other = other.value
         return self.__class__(self._val.value ^ other)
 
-    def __lshift__(self, other: Union['Int32', int]):
+    def __lshift__(self, other: Union["Int32", int]):
         if isinstance(other, Int32):
             other = other.value
         return self.__class__(self.value << other)
 
-    def __rshift__(self, other: Union['Int32', int]):
+    def __rshift__(self, other: Union["Int32", int]):
         if isinstance(other, Int32):
             other = other.value
         return self.__class__(self.value >> other)
 
-    def __eq__(self, other: Union['Int32', int]):
+    def __eq__(self, other: object) -> bool:
-        if isinstance(other, Int32):
+        if isinstance(other, int):
-            other = other.value
+            return self.value == other
-        return self.value == other
+        elif isinstance(other, Int32):
+            return self.value == other.value
+        return False
 
     def __neg__(self):
         return self.__class__(-self._val.value)
@@ -98,33 +107,33 @@ class Int32:
         return self.to_bytes(4)
 
     def __repr__(self):
-        return '{}({})'.format(self.__class__.__name__, self.value)
+        return "{}({})".format(self.__class__.__name__, self.value)
 
     def __str__(self):
         return str(self.value)
 
-    def __format__(self, format_spec):
+    def __format__(self, format_spec: str):
         return self.value.__format__(format_spec)
 
     def __hash__(self):
         return hash(self.value)
 
-    def __gt__(self, other):
+    def __gt__(self, other: Any):
         if isinstance(other, Int32):
             other = other.value
         return self.value > other
 
-    def __lt__(self, other):
+    def __lt__(self, other: Any):
         if isinstance(other, Int32):
             other = other.value
         return self.value < other
 
-    def __le__(self, other):
+    def __le__(self, other: Any):
         if isinstance(other, Int32):
             other = other.value
         return self.value <= other
 
-    def __ge__(self, other):
+    def __ge__(self, other: Any):
         if isinstance(other, Int32):
             other = other.value
         return self.value >= other
@@ -132,38 +141,38 @@ class Int32:
     def __bool__(self):
         return bool(self.value)
 
-    def __cmp__(self, other):
+    def __cmp__(self, other: Any):
         if isinstance(other, Int32):
             other = other.value
         return self.value.__cmp__(other)
 
     # right handed binary operators
 
-    def __radd__(self, other):
+    def __radd__(self, other: Any):
         return self + other
 
-    def __rsub__(self, other):
+    def __rsub__(self, other: Any):
         return self.__class__(other) - self
 
-    def __rmul__(self, other):
+    def __rmul__(self, other: Any):
         return self * other
 
-    def __rtruediv__(self, other):
+    def __rtruediv__(self, other: Any):
         return self.__class__(other) // self
 
-    def __rfloordiv__(self, other):
+    def __rfloordiv__(self, other: Any):
         return self.__class__(other) // self
 
-    def __rmod__(self, other):
+    def __rmod__(self, other: Any):
         return self.__class__(other) % self
 
-    def __rand__(self, other):
+    def __rand__(self, other: Any):
         return self.__class__(other) & self
 
-    def __ror__(self, other):
+    def __ror__(self, other: Any):
         return self.__class__(other) | self
 
-    def __rxor__(self, other):
+    def __rxor__(self, other: Any):
         return self.__class__(other) ^ self
 
     @property
@@ -174,7 +183,7 @@ class Int32:
         """
         return self._val.value
 
-    def unsigned(self) -> 'UInt32':
+    def unsigned(self) -> "UInt32":
         """
         Convert to an unsigned representation. See :class:Uint32
         :return:
@@ -188,9 +197,9 @@ class Int32:
         :param bytes: The length of the bytearray
         :return: A little-endian representation of the contained integer
         """
-        return bytearray(self.unsigned_value.to_bytes(4, 'little'))[0:bytes]
+        return bytearray(self.unsigned_value.to_bytes(4, "little"))[0:bytes]
 
-    def signed(self) -> 'Int32':
+    def signed(self) -> "Int32":
         """
         Convert to a signed representation. See :class:Int32
         :return:
@@ -207,7 +216,7 @@ class Int32:
         """
         return c_uint32(self.value).value
 
-    def shift_right_logical(self, ammount: Union['Int32', int]) -> 'Int32':
+    def shift_right_logical(self, ammount: Union["Int32", int]) -> "Int32":
         """
         This function implements logical right shifts, meaning that the sign bit is shifted as well.
 
@@ -237,12 +246,12 @@ class Int32:
         :return: An instance of Int32, holding the sign-extended value
         """
         if isinstance(data, (bytes, bytearray)):
-            data = int.from_bytes(data, 'little')
+            data = int.from_bytes(data, "little")
         sign = data >> (bits - 1)
         if sign > 1:
             print("overflow in Int32.sext!")
         if sign:
-            data = (data & (2 ** (bits - 1) - 1)) - 2**(bits-1)
+            data = (data & (2 ** (bits - 1) - 1)) - 2 ** (bits - 1)
         return cls(data)
 
 
@@ -250,9 +259,10 @@ class UInt32(Int32):
     """
     An unsigned version of :class:Int32.
     """
+
     _type = c_uint32
 
-    def unsigned(self) -> 'UInt32':
+    def unsigned(self) -> "UInt32":
         """
         Return a new instance representing the same bytes, but signed
         :return:
@@ -263,11 +273,13 @@ class UInt32(Int32):
     def unsigned_value(self) -> int:
         return self._val.value
 
-    def shift_right_logical(self, ammount: Union['Int32', int]) -> 'UInt32':
+    def shift_right_logical(self, ammount: Union["Int32", int]) -> "UInt32":
         """
         see :meth:`Int32.shift_right_logical <Int32.shift_right_logical>`
 
         :param ammount: Number of positions to shift
         :return: A new Int32 object representing the shifted value (keeps the signed-ness of the source)
         """
-        return self >> ammount
+        if isinstance(ammount, Int32):
+            ammount = ammount.value
+        return UInt32(self.value >> ammount)

riscemu/types/memory_section.py

@@ -4,7 +4,14 @@ from typing import Optional
 
 from ..colors import FMT_MEM, FMT_NONE, FMT_UNDERLINE, FMT_ORANGE, FMT_ERROR
 from ..helpers import format_bytes
-from . import MemoryFlags, T_AbsoluteAddress, InstructionContext, T_RelativeAddress, Instruction, Int32
+from . import (
+    MemoryFlags,
+    T_AbsoluteAddress,
+    InstructionContext,
+    T_RelativeAddress,
+    Instruction,
+    Int32,
+)
 
 
 @dataclass
@@ -32,8 +39,16 @@ class MemorySection(ABC):
     def read_ins(self, offset: T_RelativeAddress) -> Instruction:
         pass
 
-    def dump(self, start: T_RelativeAddress, end: Optional[T_RelativeAddress] = None, fmt: str = None,
+    def dump(
-             bytes_per_row: int = None, rows: int = 10, group: int = None, highlight: int = None):
+        self,
+        start: T_RelativeAddress,
+        end: Optional[T_RelativeAddress] = None,
+        fmt: Optional[str] = None,
+        bytes_per_row: Optional[int] = None,
+        rows: int = 10,
+        group: Optional[int] = None,
+        highlight: Optional[int] = None,
+    ):
         """
         Dump the section. If no end is given, the rows around start are printed and start is highlighted.
 
@@ -54,11 +69,11 @@ class MemorySection(ABC):
         if fmt is None:
             if self.flags.executable and self.flags.read_only:
                 bytes_per_row = 4
-                fmt = 'asm'
+                fmt = "asm"
             else:
-                fmt = 'hex'
+                fmt = "hex"
 
-        if fmt == 'char':
+        if fmt == "char":
             if bytes_per_row is None:
                 bytes_per_row = 4
             if group is None:
@@ -70,50 +85,82 @@ class MemorySection(ABC):
         if bytes_per_row is None:
             bytes_per_row = 4
 
-        if fmt not in ('asm', 'hex', 'int', 'char'):
+        if fmt not in ("asm", "hex", "int", "char"):
-            print(FMT_ERROR + '[MemorySection] Unknown format {}, known formats are {}'.format(
+            print(
-                fmt, ", ".join(('asm', 'hex', 'int', 'char'))
+                FMT_ERROR
-            ) + FMT_NONE)
+                + "[MemorySection] Unknown format {}, known formats are {}".format(
+                    fmt, ", ".join(("asm", "hex", "int", "char"))
+                )
+                + FMT_NONE
+            )
 
         if end is None:
             end = min(start + (bytes_per_row * (rows // 2)), self.size)
             highlight = start
             start = max(0, start - (bytes_per_row * (rows // 2)))
 
-        if fmt == 'asm':
+        if fmt == "asm":
-            print(FMT_MEM + "{}, viewing {} instructions:".format(
+            print(
-                self, (end - start) // 4
+                FMT_MEM
-            ) + FMT_NONE)
+                + "{}, viewing {} instructions:".format(self, (end - start) // 4)
+                + FMT_NONE
+            )
 
             for addr in range(start, end, 4):
                 if addr == highlight:
-                    print(FMT_UNDERLINE + FMT_ORANGE, end='')
+                    print(FMT_UNDERLINE + FMT_ORANGE, end="")
-                print("0x{:04x}: {}{}".format(
+                print(
-                    self.base + addr, self.read_ins(addr), FMT_NONE
+                    "0x{:04x}: {}{}".format(
-                ))
+                        self.base + addr, self.read_ins(addr), FMT_NONE
+                    )
+                )
         else:
-            print(FMT_MEM + "{}, viewing {} bytes:".format(
+            print(
-                self, (end - start)
+                FMT_MEM + "{}, viewing {} bytes:".format(self, (end - start)) + FMT_NONE
-            ) + FMT_NONE)
+            )
 
-            aligned_end = end - (end % bytes_per_row) if end % bytes_per_row != 0 else end
+            aligned_end = (
+                end - (end % bytes_per_row) if end % bytes_per_row != 0 else end
+            )
 
             for addr in range(start, aligned_end, bytes_per_row):
                 hi_ind = (highlight - addr) // group if highlight is not None else -1
-                print("0x{:04x}: {}{}".format(
+                print(
-                    self.base + addr, format_bytes(self.read(addr, bytes_per_row), fmt, group, hi_ind), FMT_NONE
+                    "0x{:04x}: {}{}".format(
-                ))
+                        self.base + addr,
+                        format_bytes(
+                            self.read(addr, bytes_per_row), fmt, group, hi_ind
+                        ),
+                        FMT_NONE,
+                    )
+                )
 
             if aligned_end != end:
-                hi_ind = (highlight - aligned_end) // group if highlight is not None else -1
+                hi_ind = (
-                print("0x{:04x}: {}{}".format(
+                    (highlight - aligned_end) // group if highlight is not None else -1
-                    self.base + aligned_end, format_bytes(
+                )
-                        self.read(aligned_end, end % bytes_per_row), fmt, group, hi_ind
+                print(
-                    ), FMT_NONE
+                    "0x{:04x}: {}{}".format(
-                ))
+                        self.base + aligned_end,
-
+                        format_bytes(
-    def dump_all(self, *args, **kwargs):
+                            self.read(aligned_end, end % bytes_per_row),
-        self.dump(0, self.size, *args, **kwargs)
+                            fmt,
+                            group,
+                            hi_ind,
+                        ),
+                        FMT_NONE,
+                    )
+                )
+
+    def dump_all(
+        self,
+        fmt: Optional[str] = None,
+        bytes_per_row: Optional[int] = None,
+        rows: int = 10,
+        group: Optional[int] = None,
+        highlight: Optional[int] = None,
+    ):
+        self.dump(0, self.size, fmt, bytes_per_row, rows, group, highlight)
 
     def __repr__(self):
         return "{}[{}] at 0x{:08X} (size={}bytes, flags={}, owner={})".format(
@@ -122,5 +169,5 @@ class MemorySection(ABC):
             self.base,
             self.size,
             self.flags,
-            self.owner
+            self.owner,
         )

riscemu/types/program.py

@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@ class Program:
     the offset in the program, and everything will be taken care of for you.
 
     """
+
     name: str
     context: InstructionContext
     global_labels: Set[str]
@@ -44,9 +45,13 @@ class Program:
         if self.base is not None:
             if sec.base < self.base:
                 print(
-                    FMT_RED + FMT_BOLD + "WARNING: memory section {} in {} is placed before program base (0x{:x})".format(
+                    FMT_RED
+                    + FMT_BOLD
+                    + "WARNING: memory section {} in {} is placed before program base (0x{:x})".format(
                         sec, self.name, self.base
-                    ) + FMT_NONE)
+                    )
+                    + FMT_NONE
+                )
 
         self.sections.append(sec)
         # keep section list ordered
@@ -54,18 +59,21 @@ class Program:
 
     def __repr__(self):
         return "{}(name={},sections={},base={})".format(
-            self.__class__.__name__, self.name, self.global_labels,
+            self.__class__.__name__,
-            [s.name for s in self.sections], self.base
+            self.name,
+            self.global_labels,
+            [s.name for s in self.sections],
+            self.base,
         )
 
     @property
     def entrypoint(self):
-        if '_start' in self.context.labels:
+        if "_start" in self.context.labels:
-            return self.context.labels.get('_start')
+            return self.context.labels.get("_start")
-        if 'main' in self.context.labels:
+        if "main" in self.context.labels:
-            return self.context.labels.get('main')
+            return self.context.labels.get("main")
         for sec in self.sections:
-            if get_section_base_name(sec.name) == '.text' and sec.flags.executable:
+            if get_section_base_name(sec.name) == ".text" and sec.flags.executable:
                 return sec.base
 
     def loaded_trigger(self, at_addr: T_AbsoluteAddress):
@@ -81,12 +89,17 @@ class Program:
         """
         if self.is_loaded:
             if at_addr != self.base:
-                raise RuntimeError("Program loaded twice at different addresses! This will probably break things!")
+                raise RuntimeError(
+                    "Program loaded twice at different addresses! This will probably break things!"
+                )
             return
 
         if self.base is not None and self.base != at_addr:
-            print(FMT_MEM + 'WARNING: Program loaded at different address then expected! (loaded at {}, '
+            print(
-                            'but expects to be loaded at {})'.format(at_addr, self.base) + FMT_NONE)
+                FMT_MEM
+                + "WARNING: Program loaded at different address then expected! (loaded at {}, "
+                "but expects to be loaded at {})".format(at_addr, self.base) + FMT_NONE
+            )
 
         # check if we are relocating
         if self.base != at_addr:

riscemu/types/program_loader.py

@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ class ProgramLoader(ABC):
         pass
 
     @classmethod
-    def instantiate(cls, source_path: str, options: T_ParserOpts) -> 'ProgramLoader':
+    def instantiate(cls, source_path: str, options: T_ParserOpts) -> "ProgramLoader":
         """
         Instantiate a loader for the given source file with the required arguments
 

riscemu/types/simple_instruction.py

@@ -5,8 +5,13 @@ from ..helpers import parse_numeric_argument
 
 
 class SimpleInstruction(Instruction):
-    def __init__(self, name: str, args: Union[Tuple[()], Tuple[str], Tuple[str, str], Tuple[str, str, str]],
+    def __init__(
-                 context: InstructionContext, addr: T_RelativeAddress):
+        self,
+        name: str,
+        args: Union[Tuple[()], Tuple[str], Tuple[str, str], Tuple[str, str, str]],
+        context: InstructionContext,
+        addr: T_RelativeAddress,
+    ):
         self.context = context
         self.name = name
         self.args = args
@@ -23,4 +28,3 @@ class SimpleInstruction(Instruction):
 
     def get_reg(self, num: int) -> str:
         return self.args[num]
-

setup.py

@@ -23,9 +23,14 @@ setuptools.setup(
         "Operating System :: OS Independent",
     ],
     package_dir={"": "."},
-    packages=["riscemu", "riscemu.decoder", "riscemu.instructions", "riscemu.IO", "riscemu.priv", "riscemu.types"],
+    packages=[
+        "riscemu",
+        "riscemu.decoder",
+        "riscemu.instructions",
+        "riscemu.IO",
+        "riscemu.priv",
+        "riscemu.types",
+    ],
     python_requires=">=3.6",
-    install_requires=[
+    install_requires=["pyelftools~=0.27"],
-        "pyelftools~=0.27"
-    ]
 )

sphinx-docs/source/conf.py

@@ -18,37 +18,34 @@ import subprocess
 # import sys
 # sys.path.insert(0, os.path.abspath('.'))
 
-if os.getenv('READTHEDOCS', False) and not os.path.exists('riscemu.rst'):
+if os.getenv("READTHEDOCS", False) and not os.path.exists("riscemu.rst"):
-    subprocess.check_call(['../../generate-docs.sh', 'generate'])
+    subprocess.check_call(["../../generate-docs.sh", "generate"])
 
 # -- Project information -----------------------------------------------------
 
-project = 'RiscEmu'
+project = "RiscEmu"
-copyright = '2022, Anton Lydike'
+copyright = "2022, Anton Lydike"
-author = 'Anton Lydike'
+author = "Anton Lydike"
 
 # The full version, including alpha/beta/rc tags
-release = '2.0.0a2'
+release = "2.0.0a2"
 
 # -- General configuration ---------------------------------------------------
 
 # Add any Sphinx extension module names here, as strings. They can be
 # extensions coming with Sphinx (named 'sphinx.ext.*') or your custom
 # ones.
-extensions = [
+extensions = ["sphinx.ext.autodoc", "recommonmark"]
-    'sphinx.ext.autodoc',
-    'recommonmark'
-]
 
 # autodoc options
 autodoc_default_options = {
-    'members': True,
+    "members": True,
-    'member-order': 'bysource',
+    "member-order": "bysource",
-    'special-members': '__init__',
+    "special-members": "__init__",
 }
 
 # Add any paths that contain templates here, relative to this directory.
-templates_path = ['_templates']
+templates_path = ["_templates"]
 
 # List of patterns, relative to source directory, that match files and
 # directories to ignore when looking for source files.
@@ -58,10 +55,10 @@ templates_path = ['_templates']
 from recommonmark.parser import CommonMarkParser
 
 # The suffix of source filenames.
-source_suffix = ['.rst', '.md']
+source_suffix = [".rst", ".md"]
 
 source_parsers = {
-    '.md': CommonMarkParser,
+    ".md": CommonMarkParser,
 }
 
 # -- Options for HTML output -------------------------------------------------
@@ -69,18 +66,18 @@ source_parsers = {
 # The theme to use for HTML and HTML Help pages.  See the documentation for
 # a list of builtin themes.
 #
-html_theme = 'alabaster'
+html_theme = "alabaster"
 
-pygments_style = 'sphinx'
+pygments_style = "sphinx"
 
 # Add any paths that contain custom static files (such as style sheets) here,
 # relative to this directory. They are copied after the builtin static files,
 # so a file named "default.css" will overwrite the builtin "default.css".
-html_static_path = ['_static']
+html_static_path = ["_static"]
 
-sys.path.insert(0, os.path.abspath('../../'))
+sys.path.insert(0, os.path.abspath("../../"))
 
-if os.getenv('READTHEDOCS', False):
+if os.getenv("READTHEDOCS", False):
     import sphinx_rtd_theme
 
     extensions.append("sphinx_rtd_theme")

test/end_to_end/end_to_end_test.py

@@ -1,73 +0,0 @@
-import contextlib
-import os
-from abc import abstractmethod
-from tempfile import NamedTemporaryFile
-from typing import Optional, Union, Tuple
-from unittest import TestCase
-
-from riscemu import CPU, UserModeCPU, InstructionSetDict, RunConfig
-from riscemu.types import Program
-
-
-class EndToEndTest(TestCase):
-
-    def __init__(self, cpu: Optional[CPU] = None):
-        super().__init__()
-        if cpu is None:
-            cpu = UserModeCPU(InstructionSetDict.values(), RunConfig())
-        self.cpu = cpu
-
-    @abstractmethod
-    def get_source(self) -> Tuple[str, Union[bytes, str, bytearray]]:
-        """
-        This method returns the source code of the program
-        :return:
-        """
-        pass
-
-    def test_run_program(self):
-        """
-        Runs the program and verifies output
-        :return:
-        """
-        with self.with_source_file() as names:
-            fname, orig_name = names
-            loader = self.cpu.get_best_loader_for(fname)
-            self.program = loader.instantiate(fname, loader.get_options([])).parse()
-            self._change_program_file_name(self.program, orig_name)
-            self.cpu.load_program(self.program)
-            self.after_program_load(self.program)
-            if isinstance(self.cpu, UserModeCPU):
-                self.cpu.setup_stack()
-            try:
-                self.cpu.launch(self.program)
-            except Exception as ex:
-                if self.is_exception_expected(ex):
-                    pass
-                raise ex
-
-    @contextlib.contextmanager
-    def with_source_file(self):
-        name, content = self.get_source()
-        if isinstance(content, str):
-            f = NamedTemporaryFile('w', suffix=name, delete=False)
-        else:
-            f = NamedTemporaryFile('wb', suffix=name, delete=False)
-        f.write(content)
-        f.flush()
-        f.close()
-        try:
-            yield f.name, name
-        finally:
-            os.unlink(f.name)
-
-    def after_program_load(self, program):
-        pass
-
-    def is_exception_expected(self, ex: Exception) -> bool:
-        return False
-
-    def _change_program_file_name(self, program: Program, new_name: str):
-        program.name = new_name
-        for sec in program.sections:
-            sec.owner = new_name

test/filecheck/.lit_test_times.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+8.096814e-02 hello-world.asm
+9.465098e-02 fibs.asm

test/filecheck/fibs.asm

@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+// RUN: python3 -m riscemu -v --ignore-exit-code %s || true | filecheck %s
+.data
+fibs:   .space 1024
+
+        .text
+main:
+        addi    s1, zero, 0     // storage index
+        addi    s2, zero, 1024  // last storage index
+        addi    t0, zero, 1     // t0 = F_{i}
+        addi    t1, zero, 1     // t1 = F_{i+1}
+loop:
+        sw      t0, fibs(s1)    // save
+        add     t2, t1, t0      // t2 = F_{i+2}
+        addi    t0, t1, 0       // t0 = t1
+        addi    t1, t2, 0       // t1 = t2
+        addi    s1, s1, 4       // increment storage pointer
+        blt     s1, s2, loop    // loop as long as we did not reach array length
+        // exit gracefully
+        add     a0, zero, t2
+        addi    a7, zero, 93
+        scall                   // exit with code 0
+
+// CHECK: [CPU] Program exited with code 1265227608

test/filecheck/hello-world.asm

@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+// RUN: python3 -m riscemu -v %s | filecheck %s
+        .data
+msg:    .ascii "Hello world\n"
+        .text
+        addi    a0, zero, 1             // print to stdout
+        addi    a1, zero, msg           // load msg address
+        addi    a2, zero, 12            // write 12 bytes
+        addi    a7, zero, SCALL_WRITE   // write syscall code
+        scall
+        addi    a0, zero, 0             // set exit code to 0
+        addi    a7, zero, SCALL_EXIT    // exit syscall code
+        scall
+
+// CHECK: Hello world
+// CHECK: [CPU] Program exited with code 0

test/filecheck/lit.cfg

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+import lit.formats
+import os
+
+config.test_source_root = os.path.dirname(__file__)
+xdsl_src = os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(config.test_source_root))
+
+config.name = "riscemu"
+config.test_format = lit.formats.ShTest(preamble_commands=[f"cd {xdsl_src}"])
+config.suffixes = ['.asm']

test/test_helpers.py

@@ -1,7 +1,15 @@
-from unittest import TestCase
-
 from riscemu.helpers import *
 
 
-class TestHelpers(TestCase):
+def test_align_address():
-    pass
+    assert align_addr(3, 1) == 3
+    assert align_addr(3, 2) == 4
+    assert align_addr(3, 4) == 4
+    assert align_addr(3, 8) == 8
+    assert align_addr(8, 8) == 8
+
+
+def test_parse_numeric():
+    assert parse_numeric_argument("13") == 13
+    assert parse_numeric_argument("0x100") == 256
+    assert parse_numeric_argument("-13") == -13

test/test_integers.py

@@ -1,19 +1,15 @@
-from unittest import TestCase
-
 from riscemu.types import Int32, UInt32
 
 
-class TestTokenizer(TestCase):
+def test_logical_right_shift():
-
+    a = Int32(100)
-    def test_logical_right_shift(self):
+    assert a.shift_right_logical(0) == a
-        a = Int32(100)
+    assert a.shift_right_logical(10) == 0
-        self.assertEqual(a.shift_right_logical(0), a)
+    assert a.shift_right_logical(1) == 100 >> 1
-        self.assertEqual(a.shift_right_logical(10), 0)
-        self.assertEqual(a.shift_right_logical(1), 100>>1)
 
-        a = Int32(-100)
+    a = Int32(-100)
-        self.assertEqual(a.shift_right_logical(0), a)
+    assert a.shift_right_logical(0) == a
-        self.assertEqual(a.shift_right_logical(1), 2147483598)
+    assert a.shift_right_logical(1) == 2147483598
-        self.assertEqual(a.shift_right_logical(10), 4194303)
+    assert a.shift_right_logical(10) == 4194303
-        self.assertEqual(a.shift_right_logical(31), 1)
+    assert a.shift_right_logical(31) == 1
-        self.assertEqual(a.shift_right_logical(32), 0)
+    assert a.shift_right_logical(32) == 0

test/test_isa.py

@@ -38,38 +38,44 @@ def get_arg_from_ins(ins: Instruction, num: int, cpu: CPU):
 
 
 assert_ops = {
-    '==': assert_equals,
+    "==": assert_equals,
-    '!=': _not(assert_equals),
+    "!=": _not(assert_equals),
-    'in': assert_in,
+    "in": assert_in,
-    'not_in': _not(assert_in),
+    "not_in": _not(assert_in),
 }
 
 
-class TestIS(InstructionSet):
+class Z_test(InstructionSet):
-    def __init__(self, cpu: 'CPU'):
+    def __init__(self, cpu: "CPU"):
-        print('[Test] loading testing ISA, this is only meant for running testcases and is not part of the RISC-V ISA!')
+        print(
+            "[Test] loading testing ISA, this is only meant for running testcases and is not part of the RISC-V ISA!"
+        )
         self.failed = False
         super().__init__(cpu)
 
     def instruction_assert(self, ins: Instruction):
         if len(ins.args) < 3:
-            print(FMT_ERROR + '[Test] Unknown assert statement: {}'.format(ins) + FMT_NONE)
+            print(
+                FMT_ERROR + "[Test] Unknown assert statement: {}".format(ins) + FMT_NONE
+            )
             return
         op = ins.args[1]
         if op not in assert_ops:
-            print(FMT_ERROR + '[Test] Unknown operation statement: {} in {}'.format(op, ins) + FMT_NONE)
+            print(
+                FMT_ERROR
+                + "[Test] Unknown operation statement: {} in {}".format(op, ins)
+                + FMT_NONE
+            )
             return
 
         if assert_ops[op](ins, self.cpu):
-            print(FMT_SUCCESS + '[TestCase] 🟢 passed assertion {}'.format(ins))
+            print(FMT_SUCCESS + "[TestCase] 🟢 passed assertion {}".format(ins))
         else:
-            print(FMT_ERROR + '[TestCase] 🔴 failed assertion {}'.format(ins))
+            print(FMT_ERROR + "[TestCase] 🔴 failed assertion {}".format(ins))
             self.cpu.halted = True
             self.failed = True
 
     def instruction_fail(self, ins: Instruction):
-            print(FMT_ERROR + '[TestCase] 🔴 reached fail instruction! {}'.format(ins))
+        print(FMT_ERROR + "[TestCase] 🔴 reached fail instruction! {}".format(ins))
-            self.cpu.halted = True
+        self.cpu.halted = True
-            self.failed = True
+        self.failed = True
-
-    def assert_mem(self, ins: Instruction):

test/test_tokenizer.py

@@ -1,7 +1,14 @@
 from unittest import TestCase
 
-from riscemu.tokenizer import tokenize, print_tokens, Token, TokenType, NEWLINE, COMMA, \
+from riscemu.tokenizer import (
-    split_whitespace_respecting_quotes
+    tokenize,
+    print_tokens,
+    Token,
+    TokenType,
+    NEWLINE,
+    COMMA,
+    split_whitespace_respecting_quotes,
+)
 
 
 def ins(name: str) -> Token:
@@ -21,41 +28,49 @@ def lbl(name: str) -> Token:
 
 
 class TestTokenizer(TestCase):
-
     def test_instructions(self):
-        program = [
+        program = ["li     a0, 144", "divi   a0, a0, 12", "xori   a1, a0, 12"]
-            'li     a0, 144',
-            'divi   a0, a0, 12',
-            'xori   a1, a0, 12'
-        ]
         tokens = [
-            ins('li'), arg('a0'), COMMA, arg('144'), NEWLINE,
+            ins("li"),
-            ins('divi'), arg('a0'), COMMA, arg('a0'), COMMA, arg('12'), NEWLINE,
+            arg("a0"),
-            ins('xori'), arg('a1'), COMMA, arg('a0'), COMMA, arg('12'), NEWLINE,
+            COMMA,
+            arg("144"),
+            NEWLINE,
+            ins("divi"),
+            arg("a0"),
+            COMMA,
+            arg("a0"),
+            COMMA,
+            arg("12"),
+            NEWLINE,
+            ins("xori"),
+            arg("a1"),
+            COMMA,
+            arg("a0"),
+            COMMA,
+            arg("12"),
+            NEWLINE,
         ]
         self.assertEqual(list(tokenize(program)), tokens)
 
     def test_comments(self):
-        parsed_res = [
+        parsed_res = [ins("li"), arg("a0"), COMMA, arg("144"), NEWLINE]
-            ins('li'), arg('a0'), COMMA, arg('144'), NEWLINE
+        for c in ("#", "//", ";"):
-        ]
+            lines = [c + " this is a comment", "li a0, 144"]
-        for c in ('#', '//', ';'):
-            lines = [
-                c + ' this is a comment',
-                'li a0, 144'
-            ]
             self.assertEqual(list(tokenize(lines)), parsed_res)
 
     def test_pseudo_ins(self):
         parsed_res = [
-            Token(TokenType.PSEUDO_OP, '.section'), Token(TokenType.ARGUMENT, '.text'), NEWLINE,
+            Token(TokenType.PSEUDO_OP, ".section"),
-            Token(TokenType.PSEUDO_OP, '.type'), Token(TokenType.ARGUMENT, 'init'), COMMA,
+            Token(TokenType.ARGUMENT, ".text"),
-            Token(TokenType.ARGUMENT, '@function'), NEWLINE
+            NEWLINE,
-        ]
+            Token(TokenType.PSEUDO_OP, ".type"),
-        input_program = [
+            Token(TokenType.ARGUMENT, "init"),
-            '.section .text',
+            COMMA,
-            '.type init, @function'
+            Token(TokenType.ARGUMENT, "@function"),
+            NEWLINE,
         ]
+        input_program = [".section .text", ".type init, @function"]
         self.assertEqual(list(tokenize(input_program)), parsed_res)
 
     def test_full_program(self):
@@ -71,24 +86,40 @@ section:
     sub  s0, s0, s0
 """
         tokens = [
-            op('.section'), arg('.text'), NEWLINE,
+            op(".section"),
-            ins('addi'), arg('sp'), COMMA, arg('sp'), COMMA, arg('-32'), NEWLINE,
+            arg(".text"),
-            ins('sw'), arg('s0'), COMMA, arg('ra'), arg('0'), NEWLINE,
+            NEWLINE,
-            lbl('section:'), NEWLINE,
+            ins("addi"),
-            ins('sub'), arg('s0'), COMMA, arg('s0'), COMMA, arg('s0'), NEWLINE
+            arg("sp"),
+            COMMA,
+            arg("sp"),
+            COMMA,
+            arg("-32"),
+            NEWLINE,
+            ins("sw"),
+            arg("s0"),
+            COMMA,
+            arg("ra"),
+            arg("0"),
+            NEWLINE,
+            lbl("section:"),
+            NEWLINE,
+            ins("sub"),
+            arg("s0"),
+            COMMA,
+            arg("s0"),
+            COMMA,
+            arg("s0"),
+            NEWLINE,
         ]
 
         self.assertEqual(list(tokenize(program.splitlines())), tokens)
 
     def test_split_whitespace_respecting_quotes_single(self):
-        self.assertEqual(
+        self.assertEqual(list(split_whitespace_respecting_quotes("test")), ["test"])
-            list(split_whitespace_respecting_quotes("test")), ["test"]
-        )
 
     def test_split_whitespace_respecting_quotes_empty(self):
-        self.assertEqual(
+        self.assertEqual(list(split_whitespace_respecting_quotes("")), [])
-            list(split_whitespace_respecting_quotes("")), []
-        )
 
     def test_split_whitespace_respecting_quotes_two_parts(self):
         self.assertEqual(
@@ -107,20 +138,24 @@ section:
 
     def test_split_whitespace_respecting_quotes_quoted_then_normal(self):
         self.assertEqual(
-            list(split_whitespace_respecting_quotes('"test 123" abc')), ["test 123", "abc"]
+            list(split_whitespace_respecting_quotes('"test 123" abc')),
+            ["test 123", "abc"],
         )
 
     def test_split_whitespace_respecting_quotes_quoted_sorrounded(self):
         self.assertEqual(
-            list(split_whitespace_respecting_quotes('hello "test 123" abc')), ["hello", "test 123", "abc"]
+            list(split_whitespace_respecting_quotes('hello "test 123" abc')),
+            ["hello", "test 123", "abc"],
         )
 
     def test_split_whitespace_respecting_quotes_weird_spaces(self):
         self.assertEqual(
-            list(split_whitespace_respecting_quotes('hello  "test 123"\tabc')), ["hello", "test 123", "abc"]
+            list(split_whitespace_respecting_quotes('hello  "test 123"\tabc')),
+            ["hello", "test 123", "abc"],
         )
 
     def test_split_whitespace_respecting_quotes_quotes_no_spaces(self):
         self.assertEqual(
-            list(split_whitespace_respecting_quotes('hello"test 123"abc')), ["hello", "test 123", "abc"]
+            list(split_whitespace_respecting_quotes('hello"test 123"abc')),
+            ["hello", "test 123", "abc"],
         )

test/testcases/__main__.py

@@ -1,53 +0,0 @@
-from riscemu import AssemblyFileLoader
-from riscemu.colors import *
-
-FMT_SUCCESS = FMT_GREEN + FMT_BOLD
-
-def run_test(path: str):
-    from riscemu import CPU, UserModeCPU, RunConfig
-    from riscemu.instructions import InstructionSetDict
-    from test.test_isa import TestIS
-    import os
-
-    fname = os.path.basename(path)
-
-    ISAs = list(InstructionSetDict.values())
-    ISAs.append(TestIS)
-
-    cpu = UserModeCPU(ISAs, RunConfig())
-    try:
-        program = AssemblyFileLoader(path, {}).parse()
-        cpu.load_program(program)
-        cpu.launch(program)
-    except Exception as ex:
-        print(FMT_ERROR + '[Test] 🔴 failed with exception "{}" ({})'.format(ex, fname) + FMT_NONE)
-        raise ex
-
-    if cpu.halted:
-        for isa in cpu.instruction_sets:
-            if isinstance(isa, TestIS):
-                if not isa.failed:
-                    print(FMT_SUCCESS + '[Test] 🟢 successful {}'.format(fname) + FMT_NONE)
-                return not isa.failed
-    return False
-
-
-if __name__ == '__main__':
-
-    import os
-    import glob
-
-    successes = 0
-    failures = 0
-    ttl = 0
-
-    for path in glob.glob(f'{os.path.dirname(__file__)}/*.asm'):
-        print(FMT_BLUE + '[Test] running testcase ' + os.path.basename(path) + FMT_NONE)
-        ttl += 1
-        if run_test(path):
-            successes += 1
-        else:
-            failures += 1
-
-
-

test/testcases/half-loads.asm

@@ -1,7 +0,0 @@
-.data
-
-data:
-.word   0xFFFFFFFF, 0x0000FFFF, 0xFF00FF00, 0x7FFFFFFF
-
-.text
-    ebreak

test/testcases/symbols.asm

@@ -1,20 +0,0 @@
-.text
-
-main:
-        addi    a0, zero, main
-        addi    a1, zero, main
-        addi    t0, zero, 1000
-        assert  a0, ==, 0x100
-1:
-        addi    a1, a1, 1
-        blt     a1, t0, 1b
-        sub     a1, a1, a0
-        j       1f
-        addi    a1, zero, 0
-        fail
-1:
-        assert  a1, ==, 744
-        add     a0, zero, a1            ; set exit code to a1
-        addi    a7, zero, SCALL_EXIT    ; exit syscall code
-        scall
-        fail